Explanation:
Thomson's suggested the plum pudding model of the atom in which the atomic space is made up of electrons surround by positive charges.
Rutherford in his gold foil experiment revised the plum pudding model of the atom;
- He discovered that most of the alpha particles passed through the foil while a few of them were deflected back.
- To explain this observation, he suggested the atomic model of the atom.
- In this model, an atom is made up of a small positively charged center where nearly all the mass is concentrated.
- Surrounding the nucleus is the extranuclear part made up of electrons.
The ionization energy for a hydrogen atom in the n = 2 state is 328 kJ·mol⁻¹.
The <em>first ionization energy</em> of hydrogen is 1312.0 kJ·mol⁻¹.
Thus, H atoms in the <em>n</em> = 1 state have an energy of -1312.0 kJ·mol⁻¹ and an energy of 0 when <em>n</em> = ∞.
According to Bohr, Eₙ = k/<em>n</em>².
If <em>n</em> = 1, E₁= k/1² = k = -1312.0 kJ·mol⁻¹.
If <em>n</em> = 2, E₂ = k/2² = k/4 = (-1312.0 kJ·mol⁻¹)/4 = -328 kJ·mol⁻¹
∴ The ionization energy from <em>n</em> = 2 is 328 kJ·mol⁻¹
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Answer:
- about 13,170,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 pounds
Earth weighs about 13,170,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 pounds (or 5,974,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kilograms). Since Earth is too big to be placed on a scale, scientists use mathematics and the laws of gravity to figure out Earth's weight.
- The surface gravity on Mars is only about 38% of the surface gravity on Earth, so if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh only 38 pounds on Mars
- So, the strength of gravity on Venus is 8.87 m/s².
Explanation:
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