It's the angle made by the incident ray when it's perpendicular to the surface. (Perpendicular lines are the lines that form a graph or like a 90-degree angle)
        
                    
             
        
        
        
The bowling ball will require more force to roll because it is more massive.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
They are formed from erosion and weathering.
        
             
        
        
        
Using the equation for period length for a pendulum, you get 32.829 meters.