The crust is the outside layer and also the thinnest.
The pressure gets increased to 486 kPa from 405 kPa, when the volume is decreased from 6 cm³ to 4 cm³.
Explanation:
In the present problem, the temperature is said to remain at constant and there is change in the pressure. So according to Boyle's law, the relationship between pressure and volume of any gaseous objects are inversely related to each other. In other words, the pressure attained by gas molecules in a container will be inversely proportional to the volume of the gas molecules occupied in the container, at constant temperature.

So, if two volumes V₁ and V₂ are considered, then their respective pressure will be represented as P₁ and P₂. Then, as per Boyle's law,

So let us consider, V₁ = 6 cm³ and V₂ = 4 cm³ and pressure P₁ = 405 kPa and we have to determine P₂.
Then, 
So, the pressure at new volume of 4 cm³ is 486 kPa. It can be seen that as there is decrease in the volume, there is an increase in the pressure. So it satisfied the Boyle's law.
Thus, the pressure gets increased to 486 kPa from 405 kPa, when the volume is decreased from 6 cm³ to 4 cm³.
Answer:
-10778.95 J heat must be removed in order to form the ice at 15 °C.
Explanation:
Given data:
mass of steam = 25 g
Initial temperature = 118 °C
Final temperature = 15 °C
Heat released = ?
Solution:
Formula:
q = m . c . ΔT
we know that specific heat of water is 4.186 J/g.°C
ΔT = final temperature - initial temperature
ΔT = 15 °C - 118 °C
ΔT = -103 °C
now we will put the values in formula
q = m . c . ΔT
q = 25 g × 4.186 J/g.°C × -103 °C
q = -10778.95 J
so, -10778.95 J heat must be removed in order to form the ice at 15 °C.
Answer:
Because it only needs one more electron to get to a full valence shell (8), so it really wants it and is pulling other electrons in. It also has to do with needing one more electron to fill the 2p shell. It is a small element which means its electrons are pulled tightly to the nucleus.
Hope this helps!
Explanation: