To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to load balancing. We will begin by defining what charges are acting inside and which charges are placed outside.
PART A)
The charge of the conducting shell is distributed only on its external surface. The point charge induces a negative charge on the inner surface of the conducting shell:
. This is the total charge on the inner surface of the conducting shell.
PART B)
The positive charge (of the same value) on the external surface of the conducting shell is:

The driver's net load is distributed through its outer surface. When inducing the new load, the total external load will be given by,



Efficiency = (Wanted) energy out ÷ energy in × 100
Energy in = 400J
Wanted Energy out = 240J
Energy cannot be used up, only transferred, so the remaining energy is most likely to be transferred into unwanted energy (loss of energy) such as heat energy.
Efficiency = 240 ÷ 400 × 100
Efficiency = 0.6 × 100
Efficiency = 60%
Answer:
The distance traveled in 1 year is:
Explanation:
Given
--- speed
--- time
Required
The distance traveled
This is calculated as:

So, we have:

This gives:


-- approximated
C) Radiation that comes from Earth...... Hope it helps, Have a nice day :)