Answer:
caused by the ability of electrons to flow from one half cell too the other
Explanation:
How is the potential voltage of a redox reaction?
The potential difference is caused by the ability of electrons to flow from one half cell to the other. Electrons are able to move between electrodes because the chemical reaction is a redox reaction. A redox reaction occurs when a certain substance is oxidized, while another is reduced.
x= the coefficients in front of the substance in the balanced chemical equation
[H+]= the concentration of hydrogen ions
[A-]= the concentration of the other ion that broke off from the H+
[HA]= the un-disassociated acid concentration
The higher the Ka value, the greater amount of disassociation of the reactants into products. As for acids, they will break down to form H+ ions. The more the H+ ions, the stronger acidity of the solution. Thus since A has the highest Ka value, that represents the strongest acid.
You can determine the Ka value from a number of ways. If equilibrium concentrations are given of a certain acid solution, you can find the proportion of the concentration of ions to the concentration of the remaining HA molecules, using the equation above. Also, pH and KpH can be used in a number of ways. This gets more complicated and depends on the situation, and requires more advanced equations.
Hope this helped a little, its obviously not my best work
15. D is correct, exothermic reactions release heat
I am not sure about 16
Answer:
d. why matter exists
Explanation:
The kind of questions that chemistry CANNOT answer is "why matter exists".
In Chemistry, question of how the properties, composition and structure of substances are is answered. Also, the transformations that these substances undergo, and the energy that they release or absorbe during the transformation processes are revealed in chemistry.
Chemistry can answer the question of what forms of matter exists but cannot answer why matter actually exists.
Stirring and agitating chemical reactions is desirable and stirring reflux systems or any system under heating is necessary to a distribute the heat evenly throughout the system and b) to prevent splashing and boilovers.
