Answer:
(i) It will take longer (75/22 times) the time to boil a given quantity of water compared to when the current is working at its rated capacity
(ii) The reasons are;
(1) For economy; most of the appliances in the home only require low power circuitry with thinner wire while a separate high power circuitry is created directly from the main supply for the high electric power rated appliances
(2) For safety; to prevent the over heating of the electric circuits when an high electric power appliance needs to be connected an high power electric power outlet has to be specified
Explanation:
(i) The power rating of the kettle = 3 kW
The voltage rating of the circuit, V = 220 V
The current rating, I = 4 A
The formula for electric power = I² × R = I × V
Therefore, we have;
Power produced = 220 V × 4 A = 880 V·A = 800 W
Hence, since the power produced is below the power rating of the electric kettle, it will take a longer time to boil a given amount of water than specified by the kettle manufacturer
The energy supplied H = V×I×t
Where:
t = Time in seconds
Therefore, we have;
3 kW = 3000 W;
3000 × t₁ = 880 × t₂
t₂/t₁ =3000/880 = 75/22
Hence the kettle will take 75/22 multiplied by the time it takes when working at rating capacity to boil a given quantity of water
(ii) This is so because the power consumption already factored in the electrical installation as well as the type of appliances utilized in the home allow for several low power rating consumption and few high power rating consumption
Therefore, for both economy and safety the electrical circuit are split to allow for the use of very thick copper or aluminium electric cables in the high power rating electric circuits to which can be plugged high electric power consuming devices such as the water heater and electric cooker
The low electric power consuming devices, such as the electric bulb and fans are connected to the low or "regular" power rating electric circuit outlets
The current required for high power and low power appliances is different and also the fuse rating required for both the appliances different, so two separate circuits are used for high power and low power appliances.
