Ionic compounds take the form of three dimentional arrays by alternating anions and cations in order to minimize the potential energy of the system by maximizing the attractive force between opposite charges.
<em>The resultant geometric structures are known as crystal lattices and their arrangements depend on the ion's sizes and, since they are bound though electrostatic attraction, their radius ratio.</em>
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The sand provides a rough surface on top of the ice for the cars' tires to grip onto. It provides more friction. Salt melts the ice and often provides more friction (the disadvantage is that it eats concrete!).
