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lilavasa [31]
3 years ago
10

Burning wood to power engines and machines ushered in the Industrial Revolution in 1769.Coal became the major fuel in the early

twentieth century and was replaced by petroleum inthe 1950s. Coal (C), natural gas (CH4), and petroleum (mainly octane, C8H18) are themodern-day fossil fuels. Write balanced equations for their reactions with oxygen(combustion) including the amount of heat produced. What is the environmentalsignificance of these changes in sources of energy
Chemistry
1 answer:
Sloan [31]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Natural gas combustion equation:

CH4 + O2 ==> CO2 + 2 H2O + HEAT

Octane or oil combustion equation:

2C8H18 + 25 O2 ===> 16CO2 + 18 H2O.

If these fuels were replaced by self-sustaining energy sources, the contamination of the environment would be less, since their combustion generates toxic compounds that damage the ozone layer, promoting the greenhouse effect, increasing the Earth's temperature and also promoting the increase in the passage of ultraviolet radiation.

Explanation:

The combustion reactions are exothermic, and irreversible, they can be complete and incomplete combustions.

They always consist of oxygen as a reagent and water and carbon dioxide as a product (complete), in the case of the incomplete the difference is that the products vary and there may be waste or chemical compounds that failed to burn.

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The astronomical unit or also know as AU. Scientists use this because it’s convenient and easier to understand! Hope this helps ;)
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What is the concentration, in mass percent (m/m), of a solution prepared from 50.0 g nacl and 150.0 g of water?
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Mass of solute ( m1 ) = 50.0 g

mass of solvent ( m2 ) = 150.0 g

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m/m = ( m1 / m1 + m2 )

m/m = ( 50.0 / 50.0 + 150.0 )

m/m = ( 50.0 / 200 )

m/m = 0.25
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In a chemical equation, the sum of the masses ______.
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Rank these acids according to their expected pKa values.
givi [52]

Answer:

According to their expected pKa values, the order of those acids should be:

1- Cl2CHCOOH is the strongest acid and the lowest pKa.

2- ClCH2COOH is a strong acid, but no more than the first. Medium pKa value.

3- ClCH2CH2COOH is a strong acid, but no more than the two previous acids. High pKa value.

4- CH3CH2COOH  is the weakest acid, so the highest pKa value.

Explanation:

The pKa values are the negative logarithm of dissociation constant. It represents the relative strengths of the acids. Stronger acids show smaller pKa values and weak acids present larger pKa value. The stronger the acid, the weaker it's the conjugate base. The larger the pKa of the conjugate base, the stronger the acid. The strength of an acid is inversely related to the strength of its conjugate.

Conjugate bases are the substance that has one less proton than the parent acid. The conjugate base of the acid presented in the problem are:

ClCH2COOH -> ClCH2COO-  + H+

ClCH2CH2COOH -> ClCH2CH2COO- + H+

CH3CH2COOH -> CH3CH2COO- + H+

Cl2CHCOOH -> Cl2CHCOO - + H+

Cl2CHCOOH. The negative charge presented on its conjugate base is by resonance and inductive effect. This is the strongest acid.

ClCH2COOH. A negative charge is stabilized by resonance and electron-withdrawing but only one atom is present. So this acid is less strong than the first one.

ClCH2CH2COOH. The negative charge is stabilized by resonance and electron-withdrawing atom but the effect is less compared to the two acids showed previously.

CH3CH2COOH. The negative charge is stabilized by resonance and destabilized due to CH3 group. This is the weakest acid among the problem.

Stronger acids have smaller pKa values and weak acids have larger pKa values. Due to the information present in this problem, Cl2CHCOOH is the strongest acid and the lowest pKa. CH3CH2COOH is the weakest acid, so the highest pKa value.

Finally, we can conclude that according to their expected pKa values, the order of those acids should be:

1- Cl2CHCOOH is the strongest acid and the lowest pKa.

2- ClCH2COOH is a strong acid, but no more than the first. Medium pKa value.

3- ClCH2CH2COOH is a strong acid, but no more than the two previous acids. High pKa value.

4- CH3CH2COOH  is the weakest acid, so the highest pKa value.

3 0
2 years ago
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