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timurjin [86]
3 years ago
15

An unsaturated solution is one that ________. an unsaturated solution is one that ________. contains the maximum concentration o

f solute possible, and is in equilibrium with undissolved solute has no double bonds contains no solute has a concentration lower than the solubility contains more dissolved solute than the solubility allows
Chemistry
1 answer:
ziro4ka [17]3 years ago
4 0
<span>An unsaturated solution is one that has a concentration lower than it's solubility. What happens is all of the solute dissolves in the solvent. For example, dumping a spoon of sugar into coffee ends up with an unsaturated solution. Because all the sugar dissolves into the solvent (the coffee).</span>
You might be interested in
Which atom in the ground state has a partially filled second electron shell?
serious [3.7K]
Atoms have electrons filled in energy shells.
1. H - hydrogen atom has one electron in the First energy shell. Therefore hydrogen has a partially filled first energy shell

2.Li - Li electron configuration is 2,1
The outermost energy shell is the second energy shell in which there is only one electron
Therefore the second energy shell is partially filled. This is the correct answer

3. K - electron configuration is 2,8,8,1
The outermost energy shell is the fourth energy shell which is partially filled. The second energy shell is completely filled

4.Na - electron configuration is 2,8,1
The outermost energy shell is the third energy shell which is partially filled
Second energy shell is completely filled

From the given options Li is the only element with a partially filled second energy shell
Answer is Li
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A 20.0 mL 0.100 M solution of lactic acid is titrated with 0.100 M NaOH.
yan [13]

Answer:

(a) See explanation below

(b) 0.002 mol

(c) (i) pH = 2.4

(ii) pH = 3.4

(iii) pH = 3.9

(iv) pH = 8.3

(v) pH = 12.0

Explanation:

(a) A buffer solution exits after addition of 5 mL of NaOH  since after reaction we will have  both the conjugate base lactate anion and unreacted weak  lactic acid present in solution.

Lets call lactic acid HA, and A⁻ the lactate conjugate base. The reaction is:

HA + NaOH ⇒ A⁻ + H₂O

Some unreacted HA will remain in solution, and since HA is a weak acid , we will have the followin equilibrium:

HA  + H₂O ⇆ H₃O⁺ + A⁻

Since we are going to have unreacted acid, and some conjugate base, the buffer has the capacity of maintaining the pH in a narrow range if we add acid or base within certain limits.

An added acid will be consumed by the conjugate base A⁻ , thus keeping the pH more or less equal:

A⁻ + H⁺ ⇄ HA

On the contrary, if we add extra base it will be consumed by the unreacted lactic acid, again maintaining the pH more or less constant.

H₃O⁺ + B ⇆ BH⁺

b) Again letting HA stand for lactic acid:

mol HA =  (20.0 mL x  1 L/1000 mL) x 0.100 mol/L = 0.002 mol

c)

i) After 0.00 mL of NaOH have been added

In this case we just have to determine the pH of a weak acid, and we know for a monopric acid:

pH = - log [H₃O⁺] where  [H₃O⁺] = √( Ka [HA])

Ka for lactic acid = 1.4 x 10⁻⁴  ( from reference tables)

[H₃O⁺] = √( Ka [HA]) = √(1.4 x 10⁻⁴ x 0.100) = 3.7 x 10⁻³

pH = - log(3.7 x 10⁻³) = 2.4

ii) After 5.00 mL of NaOH have been added ( 5x 10⁻³ L x 0.1 = 0.005 mol NaOH)

Now we have a buffer solution and must use the Henderson-Hasselbach equation.

                            HA          +         NaOH          ⇒   A⁻ + H₂O

before rxn         0.002                  0.0005                0

after rxn    0.002-0.0005                  0                  0.0005

                        0.0015

Using Henderson-Hasselbach equation :

pH = pKa + log [A⁻]/[HA]

pKa HA = -log (1.4 x 10⁻⁴) = 3.85

pH = 3.85 + log(0.0005/0.0015)

pH = 3.4

iii) After 10.0 mL of NaOH have been ( 0.010 L x 0.1 mol/L = 0.001 mol)

                             HA          +         NaOH          ⇒   A⁻ + H₂O

before rxn         0.002                  0.001               0

after rxn        0.002-0.001                  0                  0.001

                        0.001

pH = 3.85 + log(0.001/0.001)  = 3.85

iv) After 20.0 mL of NaOH have been added ( 0.002 mol )

                            HA          +         NaOH          ⇒   A⁻ + H₂O

before rxn         0.002                  0.002                 0

after rxn                 0                         0                   0.002

We are at the neutralization point and  we do not have a buffer anymore, instead we just have  a weak base A⁻ to which we can determine its pOH as follows:

pOH = √Kb x [A⁻]

We need to determine the concentration of the weak base which is the mol per volume in liters.

At this stage of the titration we added 20 mL of lactic acid and 20 mL of NaOH, hence the volume of solution is 40 mL (0.04 L).

The molarity of A⁻ is then

[A⁻] = 0.002 mol / 0.04 L = 0.05 M

Kb is equal to

Ka x Kb = Kw ⇒ Kb = 10⁻¹⁴/ 1.4 x 10⁻⁴ = 7.1 x 10⁻¹¹

pOH is then:

[OH⁻] = √Kb x [A⁻]  = √( 7.1 x 10⁻¹¹ x 0.05) = 1.88 x 10⁻⁶

pOH = - log (  1.88 x 10⁻⁶ ) = 5.7

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 5.7 = 8.3

v) After 25.0 mL of NaOH have been added (

                            HA          +         NaOH          ⇒   A⁻ + H₂O

before rxn           0.002                  0.0025              0

after rxn                0                         0.0005              0.0005

Now here what we have is  the strong base sodium hydroxide and A⁻ but the strong base NaOH will predominate and drive the pH over the weak base A⁻.

So we treat this part as the determination of the pH of a strong base.

V= (20 mL + 25 mL) x 1 L /1000 mL = 0.045 L

[OH⁻] = 0.0005 mol / 0.045 L = 0.011 M

pOH = - log (0.011) = 2

pH = 14 - 1.95 = 12

7 0
2 years ago
What is the mass of one mole of carbon-12?
velikii [3]

Answer:

Hello

12 grams

The mass of one mole of carbon-12 atoms is 12 grams.

Hope it helps You.....

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
How does cellular respiration identify as a combustion reaction?
Aleksandr-060686 [28]

reactions to break down glucose using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy in the form of ATP. ... To balance the oxygen atoms for the reactant side, you need to count 6 atoms from the glucose.

7 0
3 years ago
A lab is done using different metals and the density of the metals are recorded in a data table. What is the independent variabl
vovikov84 [41]

Answer:   The independent variable is the type of metal being used.

{Note:  The "dependent variable" is the "measured density" that corresponds to each of the metals."}.

___________________________________________

Explanation:

___________________________________________

The "independent variable", which is plotted on the "x-axis" (horizontal axis), is the variable that can be "controlled/manipulated".  In this case, this would be the type of metal chosen.

The "dependent variable" , which is plotted on the "y-axis" (vertical axis) is the "obtained value/measurement/result" (that "cannot be controlled/manipulated").

In this case, the "density", which is the "measured value" that corresponds to the selected "meal", is the "dependent variable".

___________________________________________

Hope this helpful to you!

   Wishing you well!

___________________________________________

6 0
3 years ago
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