Glucagon works to counterbalance the action of insulin . About four to six hours after you eat , the glucose Levin your blood decrease, triggering your pancreas to produce glucagon this hormone signal your liver and muscle cells to change the storage glycogen back into glucose.
Answer:
QUESTION:
Are involuntary muscles
A) cardiac
B) smooth
C) skeletal
ANSWER:
muscle governing reflex functions and not under direct voluntary control especially: smooth muscle.
Explanation:
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Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Autonomic nervous system is the division of peripheral nervous system. Autonomic nervous system control the involuntary actions of body like digestion, respiration, urination and heart rate.
Autonomic nervous system supplies the glands and smooth muscle and regulates the function of the internal organs. Hence, the smooth muscle is controlled by autonomic nervous system.
Thus, the given statement is true.
The carbon cycle is one of earths natural resources that enables all living organisms to inhabit the planet. For example, with out this vital resource we would run out of oxygen. Flora (plants and trees) use the carbon that is a by product of cellular respiration by fauna (humans and animals) to reproduce oxygen and this cycle continues. which is what keeps all living organisms in harmony and alive.
* More than 40 proteins and glycoproteins involved in the complement system are synthesized by the liver, macrophages, epithelial cells, they are present in the blood in plasmatic form, membrane, some have an enzymatic activity, regulator or membrane receptorThese are elements of the humoral innate immune response, they fight infections, purify immune complexes and apoptotic bodies.
<span>There are indeed three ways to activate the complement:</span>
Classical pathway: Activated by Immunoglobulins in immune complexes, aggregated Immunoglobulins, DNA, CRP, apoptotic bodies .......it involves nine fractions, starting with C1, then C4, C2, C3, to form a classical C5 convertase, then, activation of C5, C6, C7, C8, C9.
Alternative pathway: activated by polysaccharides (bacterial endotoxin), vascular wall poor in sialic acid, aggregated IgE ...C3b like is the first component in the alternate channel cascade, it will create an amplification loop, and form an alternative C5 convertase.
Lecithin pathway: Activated by mannose, fucose (carbohydrate of microorganisms)The first component is the complex MBL / MASP1 / MASP2: "mannose-binding protein": works according to the same principle as the complex C1 of the classical way (MASP2 cleaves the C4 and the rest of the cascade is equivalent to that of the classical way).
the three ways have the same outcome: A C5 convertase (formed by one of the pathways) cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b: C5b is deposited far from other fractions on the antigenic surface. The fixation of C5b in the cell is followed by that of C6, C7, C8, and C9 (9 molecules of C9): formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) ==> Death of the cell by osmotic shock