Question

Choose two of the following scientists: Anton Lavoisier, John Dalton, JJ Thomson, Robert Millikan, Ernest Rutherford, James Chadwick, & Niels Bohr. Describe their experiments and discoveries. Tell how that changed the atomic theory.

Answer 1

Ernest Rutherford

J. J Thomson

Explanation:

Ernest Rutherford

In 1911, Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealand chemist performed the gold foil experiment where he gave the modelling of the atom a boost.

 Experiment

 In his experiment, he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles generated from a radioactive source. He found that most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil while a few of them were deflected back.

 Discovery and reflection on the atomic theory

To account for his observation, Rutherford suggested an atomic model in which an atom has small positively charged center where nearly all the mass is concentrated.

J. J Thomson

Experiment

In 1897 J.J Thomson performed experiments using the gas discharge tube that led to the discovery of the electrons. He called them cathode rays because they originate from the cathode and exits at the anode.

Discovery and reflection on the atomic theory

From his experiment on the gas discharge tube, Thomson was able determine the properties of cathode rays some of which are:

• they move in a straight line
• they possess kinetic energy
• they attract positive charges and repels negative charges

Using his observation, he proposed the plum pudding model of the atom where it is made up of entirely electrons.

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