In which group of the Periodic Table do most of the elements exhibit both positive and negative oxidation states?
1 answer:
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Carbons starting from the left end:
- sp²
- sp²
- sp²
- sp
- sp
Refer to the sketch attached.
<h3>Explanation</h3>The hybridization of a carbon atom depends on the number of electron domains that it has.
Each chemical bond counts as one single electron domain. This is the case for all chemical bonds: single, double, or triple. Each lone pair also counts as one electron domain. However, lone pairs are seldom seen on carbon atoms.
Each carbon atom has four valence electrons. It can form up to four chemical bonds. As a result, a carbon atom can have up to four electron domains. It has a minimum of two electron domains, with either two double bonds or one single bond and one triple bond.
- A carbon atom with four electron domains is sp³ hybridized;
- A carbon atom with three electron domains is sp² hybridized;
- A carbon atom with two electron domains is sp hybridized.
Starting from the left end (H₂C=CH-) of the molecule:
- The first carbon has three electron domains: two C-H single bonds and one C=C double bond; It is sp² hybridized.
- The second carbon has three electron domains: one C-H single bond, one C-C single bond, and one C=C double bond; it is sp² hybridized.
- The third carbon has three electron domains: two C-C single bonds and one C=O double bond; it is sp² hybridized.
- The fourth carbon has two electron domains: one C-C single bond and one C≡C triple bond; it is sp hybridized.
- The fifth carbon has two electron domains: one C-H single bond and one C≡C triple bond; it is sp hybridized.
Answer:
<u>STEP I</u>
This is the balanced equation for the given reaction:-
<u>STEP II</u>
The compounds marked with (aq) are soluble ionic compounds. They must be
broken into their respective ions.
see, in the equation KOH, H2SO4, and K2SO4 are marked with (aq).
On breaking them into their respective ions :-
- 2KOH -> 2K+ + 2OH-
- H2SO4 -> 2H+ + (SO4)2-
- K2SO4 -> 2K+ + (SO4)2-
<u>STEP III</u>
Rewriting these in the form of equation
<u>STEP </u><u>IV</u>
Canceling spectator ions, the ions that appear the same on either side of the equation
<em>(note: in the above step the ions in bold have gotten canceled.)</em>
This is the net ionic equation.
____________________________
- KOH has been taken as aqueous because the question informs us that we have a solution of KOH. by solution it means that KOH has been dissolved in water before use.
[Alkali metal hydroxides are the only halides soluble in water ]