Answer:
2.42L
Explanation:
Given parameters:
V₁ = 1.8L
T₁ = 293K
P₁ = 101.3kPa
P₂ = 67.6kPa
T₂ = 263K
Unknown:
V₂ = ?
Solution:
To solve this problem, we are going to use the combined gas law to find the final volume of the gas. The combined gas law expression combines the equation of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Avogadro's law;
All the units are in the appropriate form. We just substitute and solve for the unknown;
101.3 x 1.8 / 293 = 67.6 x V₂ / 263
V₂ = 2.42L
<em> A-air temperature does not influence the effectiveness of a detergent</em>
In chemical reactions several factors influence among others:
1. Temperature
The temperature of the reaction that is raised will cause the particles to move more actively so that collisions between particles will become more frequent so that the speed of chemical reactions will be greater
2. Pressure
Addition of pressure will increase the concentration because the volume is reduced, a greater concentration will accelerate the reaction
3. Concentration / substance level
The greater the level, the more substances dissolved and involved in the reaction, thereby increasing the speed of the reaction
4. Stirring
The mechanical force applied to the solution that reacts will cause more collisions to accelerate the reaction
5 Catalysts
Addition of a catalyst to accelerate the reaction without reaction with reactant substances
Detergents are used as cleaning removers of dirt on clothes or oily/fatty items
The main structure of detergent is surfactant which has hydrophobic (binding fat) and hydrophilic (which binds water) parts
Surfactants also function to reduce water surface tension so that it is easier to bind dirt
Surfactants can be anionic in which there are derivatives of Benzene, namely: Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate obtained from sulfonation reactions where hydrogen in benzene is substituted by sulfonate groups (HSO₃⁻) reaction with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
If we see the answer choices:
A. Air temperature
Air does not play a role in the reaction or cleaning process of dirt by detergents, so it is not an effective or ineffective factor in detergent cleaning
B. Water temperature
The right water temperature by adjusting the conditions of clothing materials will increase the effectiveness of detergents, for example, hot temperatures suitable for lifting oil/oil stains, warm/cold temperatures for clothes that are not too dirty and made of silk/wool
C. Energy gave
The energy in the cleaning process can be done through mechanical energy so that the collision between the particles of detergent and dirt will occur more so that faster removal of dirt
D. the length and frequency of the treatment
Sufficient time and the frequency of contact between detergents and ingredients, especially for dirty and hard-to-lose materials, will make removal of dirt better
the effect of temperature and surface area on the rate of chemical reactions
The factor causes the particles in a chemical reaction to slow down
the factor can decrease the rate of a chemical reaction
factors could be used to increase the reaction rate
Keywords: detergent, reaction rate, temperature, Catalysts, Pressure, Concentration/substance level
