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State the oxidation number assigned to each bold element in the formula: NH4+1 a 3 b -3 c -1 d 6

Leya [2.2K]

The fomula is NH4 (1+)

There are only two elements N and H.

As per oxidation state rules, the most electronegative element will have a negative oxidation state and the other element will have a positive oxidation state.

N is more electronative than H, so H will have a positive oxidation state and nitrogen will have a negative oxidation state.

You can also use the rule that states the hydrogen mostly has 1+ oxidation state,except when it is bonded to metals.

In conclusion the oxidation state of H in NH4 (1+) is 1+.

Now you must know that the sum of the oxidations states equals the charge of the ion, which in this case is 1+.

That implies that 4* (1+) + x = 1+

=> x = (1+) - 4(+) = 3-

Answer: the oxidation state of N is 3-, that is the option b.

8 0

4 years ago

Consider the following mechanism for the oxidation of bromide ions by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acid solution. H+ + H2O2 ? H3

Margarita [4]

Answer: The rate law for the reaction is $\text{Rate}=k'[H+][H_2O_2][Br^-]$

Explanation:

Rate law is the expression which is used to express the rate of the reaction in terms of the molar concentration of reactants where each term is raised to the power their stoichiometric coefficient respectively from a balanced chemical equation.

In a mechanism of the reaction, the slow step in the mechanism determines the rate of the reaction.

The chemical equation for the oxidation of bromide ions by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acid solution follows:

$2H^++2Br^-+H_2O_2\rightarrow Br_2+2H_2O$

The intermediate reaction of the mechanism follows:

Step 1: $H^++H_2O_2\rightleftharpoons H_3O_2^+;\text{ (fast)}$

Step 2: $H_3O_2^++Br^-\rightarrow HOBr+H_2O;\text{(slow)}$

Step 3: $HOBr+H^++Br^-\rightarrow Br_2+H_2O;\text{(fast)}$

As, step 2 is the slow step. It is the rate determining step

Rate law for the reaction follows:

$\text{Rate}=k[H_3O_2^+][Br^-]$ ......(1)

As, $[H_3O_2^+]$ is not appearing as a reactant in the overall reaction. So, we apply steady state approximation in it.

Applying steady state approximation for $[H_3O_2^+]$ from step 1, we get:

$K=\frac{[H_3O_2^+]}{[H^+][H_2O_2]}$

$[H_3O_2^+]=K[H^+][H_2O_2]$

Putting the value of $[H_3O_2^+]$ in equation 1, we get:

$\text{Rate}=k.K[H^+][H_2O_2][Br^-]\\\\\text{Rate}=k'[H+][H_2O_2][Br^-]$

Hence, the rate law for the reaction is $\text{Rate}=k'[H+][H_2O_2][Br^-]$

4 0

3 years ago

Pls help Would be much appreciated:)

Pie

Answer:

Ok so, b. A redox reaction occurs in an electrochemical cell, where silver (Ag) is oxidized and nickel (Ni) is reduced - In voltaic cells, also called galvanic cells, oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode. A mnemonic for this is "An Ox. Red Cat." So since silver is oxidized, the silver half-cell is the anode. And the nickel half-cell is the cathode...

i. Write the half-reactions for this reaction, indicating the oxidation half-reaction and the reduction half-reaction- The substance having highest positive potential will always get reduced and will undergo reduction reaction. Here, zinc will always undergo reduction reaction will get reduced

ii. Which metal is the anode, and which is the cathode?-The anode is where the oxidation reaction takes place. In other words, this is where the metal loses electrons. The cathode is where the reduction reaction takes place.

iii. Calculate the standard potential (voltage) of the cell

Look up the reduction potential,

E

⁰

red

, for the reduction half-reaction in a table of reduction potentials

Look up the reduction potential for the reverse of the oxidation half-reaction and reverse the sign to obtain the oxidation potential. For the oxidation half-reaction,

E

⁰

ox

=

-

E

⁰

red

.

iv. What kind of electrochemical cell is this? Explain your answer.

All parts in the electrochemical cells are labeled in second figure. Following are the part in electrochemical cells

1) Anode 2) Cathode 3) gold Stripe (Electrode) 4) Aluminium Glasses (Electrode) 5) Connecting wires 6) Battery

Explanation:

3 0

3 years ago

In the science fiction movie, The Abyss, a diver is able to breathe while his head is immersed in a specially prepared liquid pu

Klio2033 [76]

Answer:

Explanation:

This type of experiment was carried out in 1960s on rodents, it was partially successful but was perceived impractical and dangerous for humans,it is possible theoretically.

Oxygen is broken down or dissolves in a thin film of fluid in the alveoli, surprisingly in normal breathing liquid composed of dissolved oxygen is involved. Evidently respiratory gas must be able to dissolve in this liquid and in concentration required to keep the partial pressure necessary to power diffusion.

5 0

4 years ago

Water is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances, which is why it is such a good solvent. it is often called the

Tema [17]

Water is often referred as a universal solvent because it is capable dissolving much more solutes as compared to any other solvent. This is because, water is a high polar molecule. In water, H has partial positive charge while O has partial negative charge.

Due to this, water favors dissociation of molecules into positively and negatively charged ions. Positively charge ions gets attracted towards oxygen i.e. negatively charges, while negatively charged ions get attracted towards positive end of water molecule.

However, it is worth nothing that, despite water being referred as universal solvent, many compounds are insoluble or partially soluble in water. For instance, most of the hydroxide displays poor solubility in water.

6 0

3 years ago

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