<u>Answer:</u> The correct answer is Option 4.
<u>Explanation:</u>
There are three sub-atomic particles present in an atom. They are: electrons, protons and neutrons.
Protons constitute in each and every atom.
The charge on proton is of equal magnitude as that of electron but having opposite sign. Proton carry a positive charge and electron carry a negative charge.
Protons and neutrons, both determine the mass of an atom.
Mass of 1 proton = 1.007276 u
Mass of 1 neutron = 1.008664 u
Mass of 1 electron = 0.00054858 u
Mass of proton is almost same as that of neutron but is more than the mass of electron.
Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.
Answer:
See detailed answer with explanation below.
Explanation:
Valence electrons are electrons found on the outermost shell of an atom. They are the electrons in an atom that participate in chemical combination. Recall that the outermost shell of an atom is also referred to as its valence shell. Let us consider an example; if we look at the atom, sodium-11, its electronic configuration is 2,8,1. The last one electron is the valence electron of sodium which is found in its outermost or valence shell.
Positive ions are formed when electrons are lost from the valence shell of an atom. For instance, if the outermost electron in sodium is lost, we now form the sodium ion Na^+ which is a positive ion. Positive ions possess less number of electrons compared to their corresponding atoms.
Negative ions are formed when one or more electrons is added to the valence shell of an atom. A negative ion possesses more electrons than its corresponding atom. For example, chlorine(Cl) contains 17 electrons but the chloride ion (Cl^-) contains 18 electrons.
In molecular compounds, a bond is formed when two electrons are shared between the bonding atoms. Each bonding atom may contribute one of the shared electrons (ordinary covalent bond) or one of the bonding atoms may provide the both shared electrons (coordinate covalent bond). The shared pair may be located at an equidistant position to the nucleus of both atoms. Similarly, the electron may be drawn closer to the nucleus of one atom than the other (polar covalent bond) depending on the electro negativity of the two bonding atoms.
The electrons are shared in order to complete the octet of each atom by so doing, the both bonding atoms now obey the octet rule. For example, two chlorine atoms may come together to form a covalent bond in which each chlorine atom has an octet of electrons on its outermost shell.
https://www.britannica.com/science/soap/Raw-materials
Answer : The pressure of gas will be, 3.918 atm and the combined gas law is used for this problem.
Solution :
Combined gas law is the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law.
The combined gas equation is,
where,
= initial pressure of gas = 3 atm
= final pressure of gas = ?
= initial volume of gas = 1.40 L
= final volume of gas = 0.950 L
= initial temperature of gas = 
= final temperature of gas = 
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get the final pressure of gas.
Therefore, the pressure of gas will be, 3.918 atm and the combined gas law is used for this problem.
