Question

acetone and ethanol Choose one or more: A. London dispersion B. dipole–dipole C. hydrogen bonding D. ion-induced dipole

Answer 1

Explanation:

The weak intermolecular forces which can arise either between nucleus and electrons or between electron-electron are known as dispersion forces. These forces are also known as London dispersion forces and these are temporary in nature.

Dipole-dipole interactions are defined as the interactions that occur when partial positive charge on an atom is attracted by partial negative charge on another atom.

When a polar molecules produces a dipole on a non-polar molecule through distribution of electrons then it is known as dipole-induced forces.

Hydrogen bonding is defined as a bonding which exists between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like O, N and F.

Chemical formula of acetone is $CH_{3}COCH_{3}$. Due to the presence of oxygen atom there will be partial positive charge on carbon and a partial negative charge on oxygen atom. Hence, dipole-dipole forces will exist in a molecule of acetone.

Whereas hydrogen bonding will exist in a molecule of ethanol ($CH_{3}CH_{2}OH$). Since, hydrogen atom is attached with electronegative oxygen atom.

Whereas London dispersion forces will also exist in both acetone and ethanol molecule.