If an atom has 16 protons, 14 neutrons, and 18 electrons. What is the charge of the nucleus?
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Answer:
Find attached answer to this question.
Explanation:
a. 4-Isopropyloctane has a chain of eight carbons, with an isopropyl group on the fourth carbon.
5-tert-Butyldecane has a chain of ten carbons, with a tert-butyl group on the fifth.
CH3
4-isopropyloctane
CHCH3 CH3
CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 CH
5-tert-butyldecane
CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 CH
CCH3 CH3
3-3 Nomenclature of Alkanes 93
di- means 2 tetra- means 4 hexa- means 6
tri- means 3 penta- means 5 hepta- means 7
b. Using this rule, we can construct names for some complicated structures. Let\u2019s fin-
ish naming the heptane on p. 90, shown here in the margin. This compound has an ethyl
group on C3 and three methyl groups on C2, C4, and C5. List the ethyl group alphabeti-
cally before the methyl groups, and give each of the four substituents a location number.
Problem-solving Hint
When substituents are alphabetized,
iso- is used as part of the alkyl group
name, but the hyphenated prefixes
are not. Thus, isobutyl is alphabetized
with i, but n-butyl, tert-butyl, and sec-
butyl are alphabetized with b. The
number prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.
are ignored in alphabetizing.
CH3 CH
2-bromobutane
Br
CH2CH3 CH3 CH
3-chloro-2-methylpentane
CH3 Cl
CH CH2CH3 CH3 CH
1,2-difluoropropane
F
CH2F
c. CH2CH(CH3)2CH2CH3
CH CHCH2 CH2 CH2CH3 CH3
S O LV E D P R O B L E M 3-2
Give a systematic (IUPAC) name for the following compound.
SOLUTION
The longest carbon chain contains eight carbon atoms, so this compound is named as an octane.
Numbering from left to right gives the first branch on C2; numbering from right to left gives
the first branch on C3, so we number from left to right.
CH CH2
CH3
CH CH CH2CH3
CH CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
3-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane
7
65
4 3
2
1
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH
CH CH CH
CH2CH3
CH2
C
d. CH3 CH3
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
CH2
CH
CH3 CH3CH
CH
CH3 CH
Br CH2CH3
CH CH3(b)
CH3CH2
CH2CHCH3 CH3
