Explanation:
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Answer: Hot spot
The volcanic hot spot is an area in the mantle from which heat rises as a thermal plume from deep in the Earth.
-- The lenses of eyeglasses work because of refraction.
-- A pencil standing in a half-glass of water looks broken because of refraction.
-- The lenses and mirrors in telescopes and microscopes work because of refraction.
-- When the sun is setting and it looks squashed ... shorter and wider than a true circle ... that's caused by refraction of the sunlight through Earth's atmosphere.
