Radioactivity comes from unstable atoms of certain elements. Radioactivity consists of alpha radiation (2 protons and 2 neutrons), beta radiation (1 electron), or gamma radiation (Electromagnetic photons).
Ksp of PbBr₂ is 6.60 × 10⁻⁶. The molar solubility of PbBr₂ in pure water is 0.0118M.
Ksp or Solubility Product Constant is an equilibrium constant for the dissociation in an aqueous solution.
Molar solubility (S) is the concentration of the dissolved substance in a solution that is saturated.
Let the molar solubility be S upon dissociation.
PbBr₂ or Lead Bromide dissociates in pure water as follows:
PbBr₂ ----------> Pb⁺² + Br⁻
S 2S
Ksp = [Pb⁺²] [ Br⁻]
Ksp = (S) (2S)²
Ksp = 4S³
6.60 × 10⁻⁶ = 4S³
S = 0.0118M
Hence, the Molar solubility S is 0.0118M.
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Explanation:
Upon dissolution of KCl heat is generated and temperature of the solution raises.
Therefore, heat generated by dissolving 0.25 moles of KCl will be as follows.

= 4.31 kJ
or, = 4310 J (as 1 kJ = 1000 J)
Mass of solution will be the sum of mass of water and mass of KCl.
Mass of Solution = mass of water + (no. of moles of KCl × molar mass)
= 200 g + 
= 200 g + 13.625 g
= 213.625 g
Relation between heat, mass and change in temperature is as follows.
Q = 
where, C = specific heat of water = 
Therefore, putting the given values into the above formula as follows.
Q = 
4310 J =
Thus, we can conclude that rise in temperature will be
.
amount of product formed or amount of reactants used / time
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