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Semenov [28]
3 years ago
7

4. Which of the following statements explains the cause of lanthanide contraction?

Chemistry
1 answer:
yawa3891 [41]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

B. PROTONS EXHIBIT STRONGER PULL ON OUTER f ORBITALS

Explanation:

Lanthanide contraction is the greater than normal decrease in the ionic radius of the lanthanide series from atomic number 57 to atomic number 71. This decrease is rather not expected of the ionic radii of these elements and they result in the greater decrease in the subsequent series of the lanthanides from the atomic number 72. The cause of which is as a result of the poor shielding effects of the nuclear charge around the electrons of the f orbitals. So therefore, protons are strongly pulled out of the 4f orbital and as a result of the poor shielding effect which causes the electrons of the 6s orbitals to be drawn more closer to the nucleus and hence resulting in a smaller atomic radii. It is worthy to note that the shielding effects of the inner electrons decreasing from s orbital to the f orbital; that is s > p > d > f. So from the decrease in the shielding effects from s to the f orbitals, lanthanide contraction results from the inability of the orbitals far away from s like the 4f orbiatls to shield the outermost shells of the lanthanide elements. So the cause of lanthanide contraction is the action of the protons which strongly pull the electrons of the f orbitals because of the poor shielding effects due to the distance of this orbital from the nucleus.

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D. Sometimes it is necessary to put forth new theories to explain  experimental results,

Explanation:

Creativity is important to science because sometimes, it is necessary to put forth new theories to explain experimental results.

Theories are explanation of scientific observations.

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3 years ago
How many moles of NaCl are created as a result of decomposing 12 grams of NaClO3? (molar mass of Na=23, Cl=35, O=16)
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Answer: 0.113 moles of NaCl are created as a result of decomposing 12 grams of NaClO_3.

Explanation:

To calculate the moles :

\text{Moles of solute}=\frac{\text{given mass}}{\text{Molar Mass}}   

\text{Moles of} NaClO_3=\frac{12g}{106.5g/mol}=0.113moles

The balanced chemical equation for decomposition of NaClO_3 is:

2NaClO_3\rightarrow 2NaCl+3O_2  

According to stoichiometry :

2 moles of NaClO_3 give = 2 moles of NaCl

Thus 0.113 moles of NaClO_3 give =\frac{2}{2}\times 0.113=0.113moles  of NaCl

Thus 0.113 moles of NaCl are created as a result of decomposing 12 grams of NaClO_3.

8 0
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DochEvi [55]

Answer:

about 10 pounds

Explanation:

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6 0
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How many liters of ammonia gas can be formed from 54.1 liters of hydrogen
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Answer:

The basicity of HCOOH (otherwise known as formic acid) is 1

Explanation:

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