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2 years ago

Discuss/ Define the law of multiple proportions and provide an example.

Chemistry

1 answer:

scoundrel [369]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Law of conservation of mass:

According to the law of conservation mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical equation.

This law was given by french chemist Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. According to this law mass of reactant and mass of product must be equal, because masses are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

For example:

In given photosynthesis reaction:

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

there are six carbon atoms, eighteen oxygen atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms on the both side of equation so this reaction followed the law of conservation of mass.

Law of multiple proportion:

When two elements combine to form two or more compounds with different proportions, the weight of on element that combine with other elements in fixed proportion is in the ratio of small whole number.

For example:

Consider the example of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

CO and CO₂

we are given with 1 g carbon on both case while 1.3 g oxygen for carbon monoxide and 2.6 for carbon dioxide. It means the ratio of oxygen is 1:2.

There is 1.3 g of oxygen in carbon monoxide for one g of carbon while in case of carbon dioxide there is 2.6 g of oxygen for one gram of carbon.

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What is the empirical formula for a compound that is 83.7% carbon and 16.3% hydrogen?

zubka84 [21]

Hello!

We use the amount in grams (mass ratio) based on the composition of the elements, see: (in 100 g solution)

C: 83.7% = 83,7 g
H: 16.3% = 16.3 g

Let us use the above mentioned data (in g) and values will be converted to amount of substance (number of moles) by dividing by molecular mass (g / mol) each of the values, lets see:

$C: \dfrac{83.7\:\diagup\!\!\!\!\!g}{12\:\diagup\!\!\!\!\!g/mol} \approx 6.975\:mol$

$H: \dfrac{16.3\:\diagup\!\!\!\!\!g}{1\:\diagup\!\!\!\!\!g/mol} = 16.3\:mol$

We note that the values found above are not integers, so let's divide these values by the smallest of them, so that the proportion is not changed, let's see:

$C: \dfrac{6.975}{6.975} = 1$

$H: \dfrac{16.3}{6.975} \approx 2.3$

Note: So the ratio in the smallest whole numbers of carbon to hydrogen is 3:7, t<span>hus, the minimum or empirical formula found for the compound will be:
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$\boxed{\boxed{C_3H_7}}\end{array}}\qquad\checkmark$

I hope this helps. =)

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