Answer:
Option b. Effective nuclear charge increases as we move to the right across a row in the periodic table
Explanation:
The <em>effective nuclear charge </em>is a measure of how strong the protons in the nucleus of an atom attract the outermost electrons of such atom.
The <em>effective nuclear charge</em> is the net positive charge experienced by valence electrons and is calculated (as an approximation) by the equation: Zeff = Z – S, where Z is the atomic number and S is the number of shielding electrons.
The shielding electrons are those electrons in between the interesting electrons and the nucleus of the atom.
Since the shielding electrons are closer to the nucleus, they repel the outermost electrons and so cancel some of the attraction exerted by the positive charge of the nucleus, meaning that the outermost electrons feel less the efect of attraction of the protons. That is why in the equation of Zeff, the shielding electrons (S) subtract the total from the atomic number Z.
The <em>effective nuclear charge</em>, then, is responsible for some properties and trends in the periodic table. Here, you can see how this explains the trend of the atomic radius (size of the atom) accross a row in the periodic table.
- As the<em> effective nuclear charge</em> is larger, in a same row of the periodic table, the shielding effect is lower, the outermost electrons are more strongly attracted by the nucleus, and the size of the atoms decrease. That is why as we move to the right in the periodic table, the size of the atoms decrease.
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 degree Celsius.
Friend #1 gets at least 2/5 of a pizza.
Friend #2 gets at least 2/5 .
Friend #3 gets at least 2/5 .
Friend #4 gets at least 2/5 .
Friend #5 gets at least 2/5 .
Friend #6 gets at least 2/5 .
Sum . . . . . . . . . at least 12/5 of a pizza.
Simplify . . . . . . at least 2.4 pizzas.
-- If pizzas can be bought by the half, they should order at least <em>2-1/2 pizzas.</em>
-- If only whole pizzas have to be ordered, then they should order at least <em>3 pizzas.</em>
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
8.1X10 to the power of 6 Joules.
If the object is kept in between the principle axis and the focus but some what nearer to the focus then we will get the enlarge,erect,and real image.
