According to the Law of Definite Proportions from Dalton's Atomic Theory, each compound is composed of a fixed ratio of each of its individual elements. So, the number of individual elements per 1 particle of that compound is represented by the subscripts. The answers are as follows:
Table sugar: 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen; 11 atoms of oxygen; 45 total atoms
Marble: 1 atom of calcium, 1 atom of carbon; 3 atoms of oxygen; 5 total atoms
Natural gas: 1 atom of carbon, 4 atoms of hydrogen; 5 total atoms
Rubbing alcohol: 3 atoms of carbon, 8 atoms of hydrogen; 1 atom of oxygen; 12 total atoms
Table sugar: 1 atom of silicon; 2 atoms of oxygen; 3 total atoms
12 moles of water H₂O are produced from the combustion of pentane.
Explanation:
We have the following combustion of pentane (C₅H₁₂):
C₅H₁₂ + 8 O₂ → 5 CO₂ + 6 H₂O
Knowing the chemical reaction we devise the following reasoning:
if 1 moles of pentane C₅H₁₂ produces 6 moles of water H₂O
then 2 moles of pentane C₅H₁₂ produces X moles of water H₂O
X = (2 × 6) / 1 = 12 moles of water H₂O
Learn more about:
combustion of organic compounds
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