The pH scale was given by Sorensen to quanitatively define strength of an acid and base
the pH scale extends from 0 to 14
For acids
The pH should be less than 7 [always]
For base
The pH should be more than 7 [always]
The pH seven is of neutral solution
pH = -log[H+]
Thus lower the pH higher the concentration of hydronium ion or protons produced by an acid
thus for the given pH scale interval [0-3] it represents strong acid [Which will give high concentration of protons on dissociation]
The equation for density is mass/volume. Make sure your units match what is given in the problem.
Answer:
The gas argon does not reach a state of vibrational excitation when infrared radiation strikes this gas.
Explanation:
The dry atmosphere is composed almost entirely of nitrogen (in a volumetric mixing ratio of 78.1%) and oxygen (20.9%), plus a series of oligogases such as argon (0.93%), helium and gases of greenhouse effect such as carbon dioxide (0.035%) and ozone. In addition, the atmosphere contains water vapor in very variable amounts (about 1%) and aerosols.
Greenhouse gases or greenhouse gases are the gaseous components of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at certain wavelengths of the infrared radiation spectrum emitted by the Earth's surface, the atmosphere and clouds . In the Earth's atmosphere, the main greenhouse gases (GHG) are water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ozone (O3 ). There is also in the atmosphere a series of greenhouse gases (GHG) created entirely by humans, such as halocarbons (compounds containing chlorine, bromine or fluorine and carbon, these compounds can act as potent greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and they are also one of the causes of the depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere) regulated by the Montreal Protocol. In addition to CO2, N2O and CH4, the Kyoto Protocol sets standards regarding sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
The difference between argon and greenhouse gases such as CO2 is that the individual atoms in the argon do not have free bonds and therefore do not vibrate. As a consequence, it does not reach a state of vibrational excitation when infrared radiation strikes this gas.
Thermal energy transfers in a solid state, due to convection, in metalic substances.
This is because the covalent bonds between the atoms are being broken and reformed again while the metal is experiencing stress. <em>covalent bonds store energy. </em>
