1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Nimfa-mama [501]
3 years ago
12

What is the major driving force for losing a proton as the last step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Fofino [41]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Explanation:

In the following reaction we have shown an example of aromatic substitution reaction .

C₆H₆ + RCl = C₆H₅R  + HCl

This  reaction takes place in the presence of catalyst like AlCl₃ which is a lewis acid .

First of all formation of carbocation is made as follows .

RCl + AlCl₃ = R⁺ + AlCl₄⁻

This R⁺ is carbocation which is also called electrophile . It attacks the ring to get attached with it .

C₆H₆ + R⁺  =   C₆H₅R⁺H.

The complex formed is unstable , though it is stabilized by resonance effect . In the last step H⁺ is kicked out of the ring . The driving force that does it is the steric hindrance due to presence of two adjacent group of H and R⁺ at the same place . Second driving force is attack by the base  AlCl₄⁻ that had been formed earlier . It acts as base and it extracts proton ( H⁺ ) from the ring .

C₆H₅R⁺H + AlCl₄⁻  = C₆H₆ + AlCl₃ + HCl .

The formation of a stable product C₆H₆ also drives the reaction to form this product .

You might be interested in
The rules of engagement (roe) working group is often used to _____. (select all that apply.)
Gnesinka [82]

Answer:

proactively develop ROE as well as responding to requests for additional ROE measures

Explanation:

The rules of engagement (roe) working group is a group who's main job is to  proactively develop ROE as well as responding to requests for additional ROE measures. Rules of Engagement are a set or rules or directives for military soldiers that define the circumstances, conditions, degree, and manner in which the use of force can be used.

3 0
4 years ago
Which is not a type of mass movement
lana66690 [7]

Answer:

options?

Explanation:

3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
During the nuclear fission process, the transformation between a parent and daughter isotope involves a a release of neutrons an
denis-greek [22]

Answer:

The energy harnessed in nuclei is released in nuclear reactions. Fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei and fusion is the combining of nuclei to form a bigger and heavier nucleus. The consequence of fission or fusion is the absorption or release of energy.

Introduction

7 0
2 years ago
How many molecules of NH3 are produced from 4.72x10 negative 4 power g of H2?
Delvig [45]
<span>9.40x10^19 molecules.
   The balanced equation for ammonia is:
 N2 + 3H2 ==> 2NH3
   So for every 3 moles of hydrogen gas, 2 moles of ammonia is produced. So let's calculate the molar mass of hydrogen and ammonia, starting with the respective atomic weights:
 Atomic weight nitrogen = 14.0067
  Atomic weight hydrogen = 1.00794

   Molar mass H2 = 2 * 1.00794 = 2.01588 g/mol
 Molar mass NH3 = 14.0067 + 3 * 1.00794 = 17.03052 g/mol

   Moles H2 = 4.72 x 10^-4 g / 2.01588 g/mol = 2.34140921086573x10^-4 mol
   Moles NH3 = 2.34140921086573x10^-4 mol * (2/3) = 1.56094x10^-4 mol

Now to convert from moles to molecules, just multiply by Avogadro's number: 1.56094x10^-4 * 6.0221409x10^23 = 9.400197448261x10^19
   Rounding to 3 significant figures gives 9.40x10^19 molecules.</span>
7 0
3 years ago
What evidence is there that marker ink is a mixture
zheka24 [161]
Ink can be separated into black and other color pigments. This can be done on filter paper by dotting the marker just above the edge and adding ethyl alcohol, which drags the pigments separately across the paper.
5 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • A distance-time graph indicates that an object travels 2 m in 2 s and then travels another 30 m during the next 40 s.
    7·1 answer
  • Heating gas to create plasma can yield
    15·1 answer
  • There was an airplane crash, every single person on board died, but yet two people survived. How is this possible?
    14·1 answer
  • Koi mera aake chus lo Aur heela bhi do​
    15·2 answers
  • Which statement is true according to the kinetic theory?
    10·2 answers
  • Hi i am from India which country are you from​
    9·2 answers
  • How many moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 5.00 grams of hydrogen?
    13·1 answer
  • ⚠️HELP DUE IN 10 MINS WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!! THANKS⚠️
    7·1 answer
  • What are fossil fuels made from?
    11·2 answers
  • Given that a for HCN is 6. 2×10^−10 at 25 °C. What is the value of b for cn− at 25 °C?
    12·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!