All categories

2 years ago

What is the major driving force for losing a proton as the last step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction?

Chemistry

1 answer:

Fofino [41]2 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Explanation:

In the following reaction we have shown an example of aromatic substitution reaction .

C₆H₆ + RCl = C₆H₅R + HCl

This reaction takes place in the presence of catalyst like AlCl₃ which is a lewis acid .

First of all formation of carbocation is made as follows .

RCl + AlCl₃ = R⁺ + AlCl₄⁻

This R⁺ is carbocation which is also called electrophile . It attacks the ring to get attached with it .

C₆H₆ + R⁺ = C₆H₅R⁺H.

The complex formed is unstable , though it is stabilized by resonance effect . In the last step H⁺ is kicked out of the ring . The driving force that does it is the steric hindrance due to presence of two adjacent group of H and R⁺ at the same place . Second driving force is attack by the base AlCl₄⁻ that had been formed earlier . It acts as base and it extracts proton ( H⁺ ) from the ring .

C₆H₅R⁺H + AlCl₄⁻ = C₆H₆ + AlCl₃ + HCl .

The formation of a stable product C₆H₆ also drives the reaction to form this product .

You might be interested in

Determine the grams of Iron(III) chloride produced if 22.5 g Iron reacts with Chlorine gas. First, balance the chemical equation

TEA [102]

22.5 because it still stays the same

4 0

2 years ago

I WILL GIVE 15 POINTS PLS I NEED THIS BEFORE THE CLASS FINISHES IN 30 MINN

bulgar [2K]

Answer:

likely be the same

Explanation:

this is because we have one color that both atoms share (green). both sample 1 and sample 2 have green and another color. yet, since they share one color, they are likely similar

7 0

2 years ago

A chemist wants to extract copper metal from copper chloride solution. The chemist places 0.50 grams of aluminum foil in a solut

Irina-Kira [14]

Answer:

Approximately 0.36 grams, because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant.

Explanation:

It is a stichiometry problem.

We should write the balance equation of the mentioned chemical reaction:

2Al + 3CuCl₂ → 3Cu + 2AlCl₃.

It is clear that 2.0 moles of Al foil reacts with 3.0 moles of CuCl₂ to produce 3.0 moles of Cu metal and 2.0 moles of AlCl₃.

Also, we need to calculate the number of moles of the reported masses of Al foil (0.50 g) and CuCl₂ (0.75 g) using the relation:

n = mass / molar mass

The no. of moles of Al foil = mass / atomic mass = (0.50 g) / (26.98 g/mol) = 0.0185 mol.

The no. of moles of CuCl₂ = mass / molar mass = (0.75 g) / (134.45 g/mol) = 5.578 x 10⁻³ mol.

From the stichiometry Al foil reacts with CuCl₂ with a ratio of 2:3.

∴ 3.85 x 10⁻³ mol of Al foil reacts completely with 5.578 x 10⁻³ mol of CuCl₂ with (2:3) ratio and CuCl₂ is the limiting reactant while Al foil is in excess.

From the stichiometry 3.0 moles of CuCl₂ will produce the same no. of moles of copper metal (3.0 moles).
So, this reaction will produce 5.578 x 10⁻³ mol of copper metal.
Finally, we can calculate the mass of copper produced using:

mass of Cu = no. of moles x Atomic mass of Cu = (5.578 x 10⁻³ mol)(63.546 g/mol) = 0.354459 g ≅ 0.36 g.

So, the answer is:

Approximately 0.36 grams, because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant.

5 0

3 years ago

BJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

8090 [49]

Answer:

1.Physical change

2. Chemical change

3. Heat

4.photosynthesis

5. composition

4 0

2 years ago

During normal, relaxed respiration, about 500ml of air enters and leaves the lungs with each respiratory cycle. this is called t

Marianna [84]

During normal respiration, about 500ml of air enters and leaves the lungs with each respiratory cycle. This is called the tidal volume.

When a person is relaxed, the normal amount of air such a person breathes in and out is called the tidal volume. It is usually measured in millimeters. For the average adult male, it is 500ml, and the tidal volume of average adult female 400ml.

In order to regulate oxygen intake and expulsion of carbon dioxide, the lungs act as buffers in order to absorb the maximum amount of oxygen possible for respiration and other metabolic functions in the body.

When the tidal volume is above or below the 500ml mark, it could signal the presence of underlying pathological conditions like bronchitis, emphysema and asthma.

To find out more about tidal volume, visit:

brainly.com/question/17439101

#SPJ4

6 0

1 year ago