When non-metal atoms ionize they gain electrons.<span> Some examples of this are the halogen elements: F, Cl, Br and I, each, can gain one electron from the respective anions, F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-. O and S, may gain two electrons to form the anions O2- and S2-. This is due to the fact that those elements only need one (in the case of the halogens) or two (in the case of O and S) electrons to reach the most stable configuration of the closest noble gas (with the last shell of electrons full), so they are ready to gain those electrons and form the corresponding ions.</span>
in the given is buffer . so H2PO4- and HPO42- both are present with equal concentration . Na+ is spectator ion it is also present in the concentration higher than the given species above .
but PO4-3 is not present . so it is lowest concentration
Hot fluids are formed mainly of water and dissolved minerals. They can seep through rocks and chemically react with the minerals in the rocks potentially changing the composition of the rock. Metamorphic rocks can form from other metamorphic rocks.
