1. liquid solution to a. oceans
2. gaseous solution to b. clouds
Not sure about 3 and 4.
3 might be oxygen but I think that's 5. element.
Hope this helps, not sure about water and air though.
The spring should have a greater displacement .
Greater spring constant = the more difficult it is to stretch a spring , due to stiffness.
1-d 2-a. This is not my field of expertise but this is my assumption
