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Gelneren [198K]
3 years ago
5

Why are the action and reaction forces described by Newton’s third law of motion excluded in the free-body diagram of an object?

Physics
2 answers:
Lorico [155]3 years ago
6 0

The correct answer is:

B. They act on different objects, so they would not appear together.

Let's take for example a box sitting on a table. If we draw the free-body diagram of the box, we would draw two forces:

- the weight of the box (downward)

- the normal reaction of the table on the box (upward)

However, this is not a pair of action-reaction forces as described in Newton's third law. In fact, the correct action-reaction pair would be:

- weight of the box (=gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the box)

- gravitational force exerted by the box on the Earth

We see that these two forces act on two different objects (the first one on the box, the second one on the Earth), so they do not appear in the same free-body diagram.

umka2103 [35]3 years ago
4 0
B. <span>They act on different objects, so they would not appear together.</span>
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Option a; Electric field can accelerate an electron, but never change its speed

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3 years ago
A 4 kg textbook sits on a desk. It is pushed horizontally with a 50 N applied force against a 15 N frictional force.
GarryVolchara [31]

a) See free-body diagram in attachment

b) The book is stationary in the vertical direction

c) The net horizontal force is 35 N in the forward direction

d) The net force on the book is 35 N in the forward horizontal direction

e) The acceleration is 8.75 m/s^2 in the forward direction

Explanation:

a)

The free-body diagram of a body represents all the forces acting on the body using arrows, where the length of each arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the force and points in the same direction.

From the diagram of this book, we see there are 4 forces acting on the book:

- The applied force, F = 50 N, pushing forward in the horizontal direction

- The frictional force, F_f = 15 N, pulling backward in the horizontal direction (the frictional force always acts in the direction opposite to the motion)

- The weight of the book, W=mg, where m is the mass of the book and g=9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration of gravity, acting downward. We can calculate its magnitude using the mass of the book, m = 4 kg:

W=(4)(9.8)=39.2 N

- The normal reaction exerted by the desk on the book, N, acting upward, and balancing the weight of the book

b)

The book is in equilibrium in the vertical direction, therefore there is no motion.

In fact, the magnitude of the normal reaction (N) exerted by the desk on the book is exactly equal to the weight of the book (W), so the equation of motion along the vertical direction is

N-W=ma

where a is the acceleration; however, since N = W, this becomes

a=0

And since the book is initially at rest on the desk, this means that there is no motion.

c)

We said there are two forces acting in the horizontal direction:

- The applied force, F = 50 N, forward

- The frictional force, F_f = 15 N, backward

Since they act along the same line, we can calculate their resultant as

\sum F = F - F_f = 50 - 15 = 35 N

and therefore the net force is 35 N in the forward direction.

d)

The net force is obtained as the resultant  of the net forces in the horizontal and vertical direction. However, we have:

- The net force in the horizontal direction is 35 N

- The net force in the vertical direction is zero, because the weight is balanced by the normal reaction

Therefore, this means that the total net force acting on the book is just the net force acting on the horizontal direction, so 35 N forward.

e)

The acceleration of the book can be calculated by using Newton's second law:

\sum F = ma

where

\sum F is the net force

m is the mass

a is the acceleration

Here we have:

\sum F = 35 N (in the forward direction)

m = 4 kg

Therefore, the acceleration is

a=\frac{\sum F}{m}=\frac{35}{4}=8.75 m/s^2 (forward)

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8 0
3 years ago
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Jlenok [28]
Mass (m)=55kg

acceleration (a)=9.81 m/s^2, this is the acceleration due to gravity.

initial velocity=0m/s. The skydiver doesn’t start with any speed because she is on the plane or helicopter.

final velocity=16m/s This is the velocity (speed) the skydiver reaches

The equation we use is KE=.5mv^2
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KE=7040J

Kinetic energy is 7040 Joules (J)

Hope this helps
3 0
3 years ago
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