High energy electrons & hydrogen ions from NADH & FADH2 produced in the Krebs cycle used to convert ADP to ATP
Explanation:
For equilibrium,
.
So,
= 0

= 
= 705.6 N
Also, for equilibrium
= 0
= 0
or, 
= 
= 176.4 N
Thus, we can conclude that the tension in the first rope is 176.4 N.
The electric potential energy of the charge is reduced because it decreases with increase in the distance between charges.
<h3>What is electric potential energy?</h3>
Electric potential energy can be defined as the energy needed to move a charge against an electric field.
It is calculated using the formula;
U = Kq1 q2 ÷ r
Where Q = electric potential energy
k = Coulombs constant
q1 and q2 = charges
r = distance of separation
Electric potential energy is inversely proportional to the distance of separation of the charges.
If the distance of the charges changes from 3mm to 6mm, then the electric potential energy of the charges is reduced because it decreases with increase in the distance of the charges.
Therefore, the electric potential energy of the charge is reduced because it decreases with increase in the distance between charges.
Learn more about electric potential energy here:
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Answer: the effective design stiffness required to limit the bumper maximum deflection during impact to 4 cm is 3906250 N/m
Explanation:
Given that;
mass of vehicle m = 1000 kg
for a low speed test; V = 2.5 m/s
bumper maximum deflection = 4 cm = 0.04 m
First we determine the energy of the vehicle just prior to impact;
W_v = 1/2mv²
we substitute
W_v = 1/2 × 1000 × (2.5)²
W_v = 3125 J
now, the the effective design stiffness k will be:
at the impact point, energy of the vehicle converts to elastic potential energy of the bumper;
hence;
W_v = 1/2kx²
we substitute
3125 = 1/2 × k (0.04)²
3125 = 0.0008k
k = 3125 / 0.0008
k = 3906250 N/m
Therefore, the effective design stiffness required to limit the bumper maximum deflection during impact to 4 cm is 3906250 N/m