The atomic number (Z) of the 3 elements F, Ne, and Na, are 9, 10, and 11.
Explanation:
Now Z refers to the number of protons in the element's nucleus, and protons are POSITIVELY charged particles. So a fluoride ion, F−, has 10 electrons rather than 9 (why?), a neutral neon atom has 10 electrons, and a sodium ion, Na+, also has 10 electrons (why?).
So the 3 species are ISOELECTRONIC; they possess the same number of electrons.
You should look at the Periodic Table to confirm the electron number. Elements are (usually) electrically neutral (sometimes they can be ionic if they have lost or gained electrons). If there are 10 positively charged protons in the nucleus, there are NECESSARILY 10 electrons associated with the NEUTRAL atom. I don't know WHY I am capitalizing certain WORDS.
You might ask why sodium will form a positive ion, Na+, whereas F forms a negative ion, F−. This again is a Periodic phenomenon, and explicable on the basis of the electronic structure that the Table formalizes.
Neutral metals tend to be electron-rich species, which have 1 or more electrons in a valence shell remote from the nuclear charge. On the other hand, neutral non-metals have valence electrons in incomplete shells, that do not effectively shield the nuclear charge. The demonstrable consequence is that metals lose electrons to form positive ions, whereas non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions.
Answer:
-81.5 degrees C or 191.5 K
Explanation:
We want to use Charles' gas law: V/T = V/T
Our initial volume is 3.20 L, and our initial temperature is 125 degrees C, or 125 + 273 = 398 degrees Kelvin.
Our new Volume is 1.54 L, but we don't know what the temperature is. So, we use the equation:
3.20 L / 398 K = 1.54 L / T ⇒ Solving for T, we get: T = 191.5 K
If we want this in degrees Celsius, we subtract 273: 191.5 - 273 = -81.5 degrees C
Answer:
Heating the mixture to a temperature above the boiling point of acetic acid, but below 100°C (the boiling point of water). The vapours from the acetic acid rise, and go into a tube. They are then condensed within the tube, and run off into a separate storage area. Because water can exist as a gas at pretty much any temperature above 0°C, it will result in an impure mixture, but repeatedly doing this will get the acetic acid to the desired purity.
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit The word was coined by William Wheel at the request of the scientist Michael Faraday from the Greek words electron, meaning amber and hods, a way.
