1) amount of energy required to change 1 gram of material from the solid to the liquid state at its melting point - latent heat of fusion.
The temperature at which the phase transition occurs is the melting point or the freezing point.
2) a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles of a substance - temperature.
Temperature is the intensity of heat present in a substance and a thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient.
3) the amount of energy required to change 1 gram of a substance 1°C - specific heat.
Heat capacity of a sample is expressed in units of thermal energy per degree temperature (J/K).
Heat capacity is often defined relative to a unit of mass (J/kg·K or J/g·K), prefixed with the term specific.
For example, specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g·K (Cp(H₂O) = 4.184 J/g·K).
4) amount of energy required to change 1 gram of material from the liquid to the gaseous state at its boiling point - latent heat of vaporization.
For example, evaporization is phase change process in which the water changes from a liquid to a gas (water vapor). Solar radiation is the source of energy for evaporation.
5) the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of liquid water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C - calorie.
Calorie (cal), or small calorie, is the amount of energy needed to heat one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
One small calorie is approximately 4.2 joules.
A calorie is a unit of energy.
