How and why theories change and how this contributes to continues and ongoing nature of science

1 answer:

8 0

There is usually some anomalous observation that doesn't seem to fit with our current understanding. Scientists assume that by working at such anomalies, they'll either disentangle them to see how they fit with the current theory or contribute to a new theory. And eventually that does happen: a new or modified theory is proposed that explains everything that the old theory explained plus other observations that didn't quite fit with the old theory. When that new or modified theory is proposed to the scientific community, over a period of time (it might take years), scientists come to understand the new theory, see why it is a superior explanation to the old theory, and eventually, accept the new theory. Theory change is a community process of feedback, experiment, observation, and communication. It usually involves interpreting existing data in new ways and incorporating those views with new results. It may depend on a single definitive experiment or observation to change people's views, or it may involve many separate studies, eventually tipping the balance of evidence in favor of the new theory.

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Explain the concept of "like dissolves like"

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Answer:

Like dissolves like" is an expression used by chemists to remember how some solvents work. It refers to "polar" and "nonpolar" solvents and solutes. Basic example: Water is polar. Oil is non polar. ... Like dissolves like, that means polar dissolves polar, so water dissolves salt.

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3 years ago

What is an orbital shell

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orbital shell is the the circular paths around the nucleus of an atom along which the electrons traverse.

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In the compound potassium nitrate (KNO3), the atoms within the nitrate ion are held together with bonding, and the potassium ion

sveta [45]

In the compound potassium nitrate (KNO3), the atoms within the nitrate ion are held together with COVALENT bonding, and the potassium ion and nitrate ion are held together by IONIC bonding.

A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs. Covalent bond is formed between two non-metals.

Ionic bonds form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom. It is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between oppositely charged atoms. Ionic bond is formed between metal (electropositive element) and non-metal(electronegative element)

In nitrate ions the Nitrogen (N) and Oxygen (O) both are non-metals and it involves the sharing of electron pairs between N and O atoms, so the bonding in Nitrate ( $NO_{3}^{-}$ ) ion is covalent bonding.

In potassium nitrate , Potassium (K) is a metal and Nitrate ( $NO_{3}^{-}$ ) ion is non-metal and it involves the complete transfer of valence electron between oppositely charged atoms (K+) and ( $NO_{3}^{-}$ ). So the bonding between Potassium and Nitrate is Ionic bonding.

NOTE : Bonding between Non-metals is Covalent bonding.

Bonding between Metal and Non-metals is Ionic bonding.