I'm not sure but for the first one, if there were more electrons than protons that would mean the object would have a positive charge so you could put another object that is positively charged near it, to see if it would attract and if it would it would mean it's negatively charged and if it wouldn't it would mean it's positively charged. (not sure)
for the second one, after you've rubbed the balloon oh hair, the electrons from your hair have transferred onto the balloon, meaning that the balloon is now negatively charged. because the wall is neutral, it means that it has the SAME number of both protons and electrons ( positive and negative charges cancel out to create a neutral charge). because the protons are positively charged, and the balloon is negatively charged, the two objects will attract because opposite charges attract. this happens because of static electricity.
hope this helps :)
For the "what is this investigation about", you could pick
the shape of the Earth, the size of the Earth, how the Sun
generates its energy, the distance to the Moon, why the
sky is blue ... things like that. There are millions uvum.
Trustworthy sources of information:
-- an Encyclopedia
-- a library book that's all about the subject of the investigation
-- a magazine that's all about exactly the subject of the investigation
-- a TV program that's ALL ABOUT the subject of the investigation
-- a teacher who teaches the subject of the investigation
-- a high school student whose hobby is the subject of the investigation
-- an adult whose hobby is the subject of the investigation
-- an adult whose JOB is the subject of the investigation
-- a high school student who got a very good grade in a course
where the subject of the investigation was taught
-- a college student who is studying the same subject as the investigation
UN-trustworthy sources of information:
(This doesn't mean that they're always wrong. It means that
they can tell you something, and you just can't be sure of
whether it's right or wrong.)
-- some sources listed on Google
-- some YouTube videos
-- other students in your class
-- other students at your school
-- your next-door neighbor (unless he's on the 'trustworthy' list above)
-- a newspaper article
-- a TV news item, or a TV program that's NOT all about the subject
-- a public opinion poll; (just because everybody thinks so
doesn't mean that it's true)
-- your sister's friend's hairdresser's grocer's mother-in-law
-- anything you hear if you don't know WHO said it
