Answer:
A hydrogen bonding is a bond class that is produced from the attraction existing in a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine or nitrogen atom with a negative charge. This attraction, meanwhile, is known as dipole-dipole interaction and links the positive pole of one molecule with the negative pole of another.
Explanation:
The hydrogen atom, which has a positive charge, is known as the donor atom, while the oxygen, fluorine, chlorine or nitrogen atom is the bond acceptor atom. In the substance in which they are most effective is in the water.
Hydrogen bonds have only one third of the strength of covalent bonds, but they have important effects on the properties of the substances in which they occur, especially in terms of melting and boiling points in crystal structures.
Answer:
Explanation:
The relative atomic mass of an element is a weighted average of the masses of the atoms of the isotopes - because if there is much more of one isotope then that will influence the average mass much more than the less abundant isotope will.
Answer:
controlled by the Arabs, who brought frankincense and myrrh by camel caravan from South Arabia.
Ernest Rutherford
J. J Thomson
Explanation:
<u>Ernest Rutherford</u>
In 1911, Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealand chemist performed the gold foil experiment where he gave the modelling of the atom a boost.
Experiment
In his experiment, he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles generated from a radioactive source. He found that most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil while a few of them were deflected back.
Discovery and reflection on the atomic theory
To account for his observation, Rutherford suggested an atomic model in which an atom has small positively charged center where nearly all the mass is concentrated.
<u>J. J Thomson</u>
Experiment
In 1897 J.J Thomson performed experiments using the gas discharge tube that led to the discovery of the electrons. He called them cathode rays because they originate from the cathode and exits at the anode.
Discovery and reflection on the atomic theory
From his experiment on the gas discharge tube, Thomson was able determine the properties of cathode rays some of which are:
- they move in a straight line
- they possess kinetic energy
- they attract positive charges and repels negative charges
Using his observation, he proposed the plum pudding model of the atom where it is made up of entirely electrons.
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Explanation:
George Washington Carver was born enslaved and went on to become one of the most prominent scientists and inventors of his time, as well as a teacher at the Tuskegee Institute. Carver devised over 100 products using one major crop — the peanut — including dyes, plastics and gasoline.
