Answer:
Creating vacancies in ceramics. Consider doping ZrO₂ with small concentrations of Nb205. The valence of Nb is 5. Assume that Nb ions sit in Zr ion sites
a. A substitutional defect will be produced.
b. With this dopping, the Nb increases electron band conduction and decreases oxygen anion conduction in ZrO₂.
Explanation:
(a) The defect produced by dopping a little concentration of Nb₂O5 with Nb in the +5 charge state is known as a substitutional defect.
(b) With this dopping, the Nb increases electron band conduction and decreases oxygen anion conduction in ZrO₂.
Moreover, if oxygen vacancies are rate-limiting defect, the corrosion of ZrO₂ decreases and if electrons are rate-limiting then the corrosion of ZrO₂ is accelerated.
Answer:
what are the answers expect what?
Explanation:
Polycarbonate is commonly used in eye protection, as well as in other projectile-resistant viewing and lighting applications that would normally indicate the use of glass, but require much higher impact-resistance. Polycarbonate lenses also protect the eye from UV light.
Answer:
1. The net power developed=9370.773KW
2. Thermal Efficiency= 0.058
Explanation
Check attachment
Answer:

Explanation:
Heat engine
Heat engine is a device which produce work while consuming some amount of energy .This engine works in cycle.In other words we can say that Heat engine is a device which covert thermal or chemical energy in to mechanical energy and after that this mechanical energy can be use for producing mechanical work.
Heat engine takes heat from high temperature and rejects heat to lower temperature and producing work.
We know that efficiency given as

From diagram we can say that

So efficiency

