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Sauron [17]
3 years ago
7

Is it possible to have a charge of 5 x 10-20 C? Why?

Physics
1 answer:
ruslelena [56]3 years ago
8 0

1) No

2) Yes

3) No

4) Equal and opposite

5) 32400 N

6) Repulsive

7) The electric force is 2.3\cdot 10^{39} times bigger than the gravitational force

Explanation:

1)

In nature, the minimum possible charge that an object can have is the charge of the electron, which is called fundamental charge:

e=1.6\cdot 10^{-19}C

Electrons are indivisible particles (they cannot be separated), this means that an object can have at least the charge equal to the charge of one electron (in fact, it cannot have a charge less than e, because it would meant that the object has a "fractional number" of electrons).

In this problem, the object has a charge of

Q=5\cdot 10^{-20}C

If we compare this value to e, we notice that Q, so no object can have a charge of Q.

2)

As we said in part 1), an object should have an integer number of electrons in order to be charged.

This means that the charge of an object must be an integer multiple of the fundamental charge, so we can write it as:

Q=ne

where

Q is the charge of the object

n is an integer multiple

e is the fundamental charge

Here we have

Q=2.4\cdot 10^{-18}C

Substituting the value of e, we find n:

n=\frac{Q}{e}=\frac{2.4\cdot 10^{-18}}{1.6\cdot 10^{-19}}=15

n is integer, so this value of the charge is possible.

3)

We now do the same procedure for the new object in this part, which has a charge of

Q=2.0\cdot 10^{-19}C

Again, the charge on this object can be written as

Q=ne

where

n is the number of electrons in the object

Using the value of the fundamental charge,

e=1.6\cdot 10^{-19}C

We find:

n=\frac{Q}{e}=\frac{2.0\cdot 10^{-19}}{1.6\cdot 10^{-19}}=1.25

n is not integer, so this value of charge is not possible, since an object cannot have a fractional number of electrons.

4)

To solve this part, we use Newton's third law of motion, which states that:

"When an object A exerts a force on an object B (Action force), then object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A (reaction force)".

In this problem, we have two objects:

- A charge Q

- A charge 5Q

Charge Q exerts an electric force on charge 5Q, and we can call this action force. At the same time, charge 5Q exerts an electric force on charge Q (reaction force), and according to Newton's 3rd law, the two forces are equal and opposite.

5)

The magnitude of the electric force between two single-point charges is

F=k\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}

where

k is the Coulomb's constant

q1, q2 are the two charges

r is the separation between the two charges

In this problem we have:

q_1=+4.5\cdot 10^{-6}C is charge 1

q_2=+7.2\cdot 10^{-6}C is charge 2

r = 0.30 cm = 0.003 m is the separation

So, the electric force  between the two charges is

F=(9\cdot 10^9)\frac{(4.5\cdot 10^{-6})(7.2\cdot 10^{-6})}{(0.003)^2}=32400 N

6)

The electric force between two charged objects has direction as follows:

- If the two objects have charges of opposite signs (+ and -), the force between them is attractive

- If the two objects have charges of same sign (++ or --), the force between them is repulsive

In this problem, the two charges are:

q_1=+4.5\cdot 10^{-6}C is charge 1

q_2=+7.2\cdot 10^{-6}C is charge 2

We see that the two charges have same sign: therefore, the force between them is repulsive.

7)

The electric force between the proton and the electron in the atom can be written as

F_E=k\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}

where

q_1 = q_2 = e = 1.6\cdot 10^{-19}C is the magnitude of the charge of the proton and of the electron

r=5.3\cdot 10^{-11} m is the separation between them

So the force can be rewritten as

F_E=\frac{ke^2}{r^2}

The gravitational force between the proton and the electron can be written as

F_G=G\frac{m_p m_e}{r^2}

where

G is the gravitational constant

m_p = 1.67\cdot 10^{-27}kg is the proton mass

m_e=9.11\cdot 10^{-27}kg is the electron mass

Comparing the 2 forces,

\frac{F_E}{F_G}=\frac{ke^2}{Gm_p m_e}=\frac{(9\cdot 10^9)(1.6\cdot 10^{-19})^2}{(6.67\cdot 10^{-11})(1.67\cdot 10^{-27})(9.11\cdot 10^{-31})}=2.3\cdot 10^{39}

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b) The work done by the gravitational force on the ramp is -634 J

c) The work done by the applied force on the flat surface is 500 J

d) The work done by the applied force on up along the ramp is 500 J

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a)

The work done by a force is given by the equation

W=Fdcos \theta

where

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d is the dispalcement of the object

\theta is the angle between the direction of the force and of the displacement

In this problem, we want to calculate the work done by the gravitational force as the box is pushed across the flat ground.

We immediately notice that the gravitational force acts downward, while the displacement is horizontal: therefore, the angle between force and displacement is 90^{\circ}; this means that cos 90^{\circ}=0, and therefore, the work done is zero:

W=0

b)

In this case, the box is pushed along the ramp. We have:

F=mg=(50.0)(9.8)=490 N is the magnitude of the force of gravity, where

m = 50.0 kg is the mass of the box

g=9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration of gravity

d = 5.00 m is the displacement of the box along the ramp

The ramp is inclined to the horizontal by 15.0^{\circ}, therefore the angle between the force of gravity and the displacement of the box (moving up along the ramp) is:

\theta=90^{\circ}+15^{\circ}=105^{\circ}

Therefore, the work done by gravity in this case is:

W=(490)(5.00)(cos 105^{\circ})=-634 J

c)

In this case, we want to calculate the work done by the force you apply as the box is pushed across the flat ground.

Here we have:

F = 100.0 N (force applied)

d = 5.00 m (displacement of the box)

\theta=0^{\circ} (the force is applied parallel to the flat surface, therefore force and displacement have same direction)

Therefore, the work done by the force you apply on the flat ground is:

W=(100.0)(5.00)(cos 0^{\circ})=500 J

d)

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This time we have:

F = 100.0 N (force applied is the same)

d = 5.00 m (displacement of the box is also the same)

\theta=0^{\circ} (the force is applied parallel to the ramp, therefore force and displacement have again same direction)

Therefore, the work done by the force you apply while pushing the box along the ramp is:

W=(100.0)(5.00)(cos 0^{\circ})=500 J

Learn more about work:

brainly.com/question/6763771

brainly.com/question/6443626

#LearnwithBrainly

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