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babunello [35]
3 years ago
14

Fluoride is moderately basic, by far the most basic of the halides. It is a terrible leaving group. Fluoride is many orders of m

agnitude better than bromide in leaving group ability. Bromide is many orders of magnitude better than fluoride in leaving group ability. Bromide ion is so weak it is not considered at all basic; it is an excellent leaving group.
Chemistry
1 answer:
TEA [102]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:   Bromide is many orders of magnitude better than fluoride in leaving group ability

Explanation:

As Size of an atom  Increases,  the Basicity Decreases this is because  if we move downwards  from the top of the periodic table to the bottom of the periodic table, the size of an atom increases. As size increases, basicity will decrease, meaning the element  will be less likely to act as a base implying that the element will be less likely to share its electrons.

in the same vein. With an increase in size, basicity decreases, making the ability of the leaving group to leave increase to increase . This can be seen in the halogens going down the group  from

F--- worst

Cl----fair

Br ----good

 I-----excellent

with fluorine having the worst ability to leave than Bromine which is better in terms of the leaving group ability.

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in a second experiment, the total pressure is observed to be 58 atm. what is the partial pressure of the water vapor produced?
dimulka [17.4K]

This is an incomplete question, here is a complete question.

Nitroglycerine (C₃H₅N₃O₉) explodes with tremendous force due to the numerous gaseous products. The equation for the explosion of Nitroglycerine is:

4C_3H_5N_3O_9(l)\rightarrow 12CO_2(g)+O_2(g)+6N_2(g)+10H_2O(g)

A scientist conducts an experiment to characterize a bomb containing nitroglycerine. She uses a steel, ridge container for the test.

Volume of rigid steel container: 1.00 L

Molar mass of Nitroglycerine: 227 g/mol

Temperature: 300 K

Amount of Nitroglycerine tested: 227 g

Value for ideal gas constant, R: 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K

In a second experiment, the total pressure is observed to be 58 atm. what is the partial pressure of the water vapor produced?

Answer : The partial pressure of the water vapor is, 20.01 atm

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the moles of C_3H_5N_3O_9

\text{Moles of }C_3H_5N_3O_9=\frac{\text{Given mass }C_3H_5N_3O_9}{\text{Molar mass }C_3H_5N_3O_9}=\frac{227g}{227g/mol}=1mol

Now we have to calculate the moles of CO_2,O_2,N_2\text{ and }H_2O

The balanced chemical reaction is:

4C_3H_5N_3O_9(l)\rightarrow 12CO_2(g)+O_2(g)+6N_2(g)+10H_2O(g)

From the balanced chemical reaction we conclude that,

As, 4 moles of C_3H_5N_3O_9 react to give 12 moles of CO_2

So, 1 moles of C_3H_5N_3O_9 react to give \frac{12}{4}=3 moles of CO_2

and,

As, 4 moles of C_3H_5N_3O_9 react to give 1 moles of O_2

So, 1 moles of C_3H_5N_3O_9 react to give \frac{1}{4}=0.25 moles of O_2

and,

As, 4 moles of C_3H_5N_3O_9 react to give 6 moles of N_2

So, 1 moles of C_3H_5N_3O_9 react to give \frac{6}{4}=1.5 moles of N_2

and,

As, 4 moles of C_3H_5N_3O_9 react to give 10 moles of H_2O

So, 1 moles of C_3H_5N_3O_9 react to give \frac{10}{4}=2.5 moles of H_2O

Now we have to calculate the mole fraction of water.

\text{Mole fraction of }H_2O=\frac{\text{Moles of }H_2O}{\text{Moles of }H_2O+\text{Moles of }CO_2+\text{Moles of }O_2+\text{Moles of }N_2}

\text{Mole fraction of }H_2O=\frac{2.5}{2.5+3+0.25+1.5}=0.345

Now we have to calculate the partial pressure of the water vapor.

According to the Raoult's law,

p_{H_2O}=X_{H_2O}\times p_T

where,

p_{H_2O} = partial pressure of water vapor gas  = ?

p_T = total pressure of gas  = 58 atm

X_{H_2O} = mole fraction of water vapor gas  = 0.345

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

p_{H_2O}=X_{H_2O}\times p_T

p_{H_2O}=0.345\times 58atm=20.01atm

Therefore, the partial pressure of the water vapor is, 20.01 atm

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