Answer: (Structure attached).
Explanation:
This type of reaction is an aromatic electrophilic substitution. The overall reaction is the replacement of a proton (H +) with an electrophile (E +) in the aromatic ring.
The aromatic ring in p-fluoroanisole has two sustituents, an <u>halogen</u> and a <u>methoxy group</u>, which are <em>ortho-para</em> directing substituents.
Aryl sulfonic acids are easily synthesized by an electrophilic substitution reaction aromatic using <u>sulfur trioxide as an electrophile</u> (very reactive).
The reaction occurs in three steps:
- The attack on the electrophile forms the sigma complex.
- The loss of a proton regenerates an aromatic ring.
- The sulfonate group can be protonated in the presence of a strong acid (H₂SO₄).
Normally, a mixture of <em>ortho-para</em> substituted products would be obtained. However, since both <em>para</em> positions are occupied, only the <em>ortho </em>substituted product is obtained here.
If you mean the industrialized apple juice then yes. Even though there are several different compounds and some of them aren't actually dissolved in the liquid, since you can't actually distinguish between them using only your eyes and they do no separate naturally it is actually a homogeneous mixture.
B, turns red litmus paper to blue
Benzaldehyde or C6H5CHO would not undergo the aldol condensation because it does not contain an alpha-hydrogen in its structure. Aldol condensation is a type of reaction that happens between an enolate and an aldehyde or ketone leading to a alkene that has a planar structure. The lack of an alpha-hydrogen would not allow for it to undergo such process since it cannot enolize. Benzaldehyde undergoes a nucleophilic reaction known as Claisen-Schmidt condensation. It has somehow same mechanism of the aldol reaction however, the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl happens even without the alpha-hydrogen but with an enolate that is from a ketone.