Mass does not affect the pendulum's swing. The longer the length of string, the farther the pendulum falls; and therefore, the longer the period, or back and forth swing of the pendulum. The greater the amplitude, or angle, the farther the pendulum falls; and therefore, the longer the period.
The Earth is a sphere is a statement to describe a scientific law
Suppose car A is moving with a velocity Va, and car b with a velocity Vb,
According the principle of conservation of momentum:
Va x Ma + Vb x Mb = (Ma + Mb) V
V = (Va x Ma + Vb x Mb)/(Ma +Mb)
V = speed of cars after coupling
V = (Va x 20 mg + Vb x 15 mg)/(20 mg + 15 mg)
Put in the values of Va and Vb, and get the V
Atoms, molecules, electrons, photons, protons etc.