Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment proved the existence of a small massive center to atoms, which would later be known as the nucleus of an atom. Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden carried out their Gold Foil Experiment to observe the effect of alpha particles on matter.
Because the water near the equator gets more direct sunlight.
Answer: K only has 1 valence electron. It will leave with only a little effort, leaving behind a positively charged K^+1 atom.
Explanation: A neutral potassium atom has 19 total electrons. But only 1 of them is in potassium's valence shell. Valence shell means the outermost s and p orbitals. Potasium's electron configuration is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1. The 4s orbital is the only orbital in the 4th energy level. So it has a valency of 1. This means this electron will be the most likely to leave, since it is the lone electron in the oyutermost energy level (4). When that electron leaves, the charge on the atom go up by 1. The atom now has a full valence shell of 3s^2 3p^6, the same as argon, Ar.
Nonmetals form negatively charged ions, or anions. They do this because they need to gain one to three electrons in order to achieve an octet of valence electrons, making them isoelectronic with the noble gas at the end of the period to which they belong.
