I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is the third option. It is the difference in electrical potential that causes the electric charges to flow from one end of the battery to the other. Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day.
From what I can see it's D, I did this by simply examining the other answers and seeing that they are beneficial, so, from that information, this one must not be.
Using the Universal Gratitation Law, we have:
Again applying the formula in the new situation, comes:
Number 4If you notice any mistake in my english, please let me know, because i am not native.