D: Refraction
Explanation: Refraction occurs when a medium bends the light rays of an object. Like water for instance as an example of a medium.
Because upward buoyant force is slightly higher than gravitation force for this particular object
Answer:
1. 218.55 N
2. 
3. 
Explanation:
Part 1;
Net force
where m is mass, g is gravitational force and
is the angle of inclination

Frictional force,
is given by
where
is the coefficient of static friction


Since
, therefore, the block doesn’t slip and the frictional force acting is mgh=218.55N
Part 2.
Using the relationship that
Frictional force 



The maximum angle of inclination 

Part 3:
Net force on the object is given by
where
is the coefficient of kinetic friction

= 9.8 ( sin 38 - (0.51) cos 38 )
= 
Yes, even light rays can vary in wavelength and frequency, if the length of the ray is sorter, it becomes more energetic and has a higher frequency. If you're talking about a ray tracing diagram for lenses or mirrors, the length of the ray doesn't really matter unless you're finding the path length but there are some procedures for that too. Let me know if I missed what you were asking.
Does height or distance affect impact?
You can test that and do your project about that or you can grow algae