The resistance of the piece of wire is
where
is the resistivity of the copper
is the length of the piece of wire
is the cross sectional area of the wire
By substituting these values, we find the value of R:
Then, by using Ohm's law, we find the potential difference between the two points of the wire:
When two sides of a membrane are in contact with each other, the distribution of ions will alter as a result of the binding of a signal molecule to a ligand-gated ion channel.
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What is a ligand-gated ion channel?</h3>
Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are membrane proteins that are structurally integral and feature a pore that permits the controlled passage of particular ions across the plasma membrane. The electrochemical gradient for the permeant ions drives the passive ion flux.
When a chemical ligand, such as a neurotransmitter, attaches to the protein, ligand-gated ion channels open. Changes in membrane potential cause voltage channels to open and close. When a receptor physically deforms, as in the case of pressure and touch receptors, mechanically-gated channels open.
Learn more about ligand-gated ion channel here:
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C most of the Earths weather occurs in this layer.
Answer:
The net torque is 0.4962 N m
Explanation:
please look at the solution in the attached Word file
