The answer is C.
The vast difference in electronegativity of the oxygen and hydrogen in water, the O-H bond is polar.
Answer:
Here's what I get
Explanation:
You may have done a Williamson synthesis of guaifenesin by reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol.
A. Mechanism
Step 1
NaOH converts guaiacol into a phenoxide ion.
Step 2
The phenoxide acts as the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to displace the Cl from the alkyl halide.
B. Improve the yield
You probably carried out the reaction in ethanol solution — a polar protic solvent.
You might try doing the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent— perhaps DMSO.
A polar aprotic solvent does not hydrogen bond to nucleophiles, so they become stronger.
C. Another method of ether synthesis —dehydration of alcohols
Sulfuric acid catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to ethers.
This is also a nucleophilic displacement reaction.
Protonation of the OH converts it into a better leaving group.
Attack by a second molecule of alcohol forms the protonated ether.
A molecule of water then removes the proton.
<h2>The required "options are (II), (III), and (IV)".</h2>
Explanation:
Postulates of Dalton's atomic theory which are scientifically accepted are:
- Atoms are indestructible.
- Compounds are combinations of different atoms.
- A chemical reaction changes the way atoms are grouped together.
Postulates of Dalton's atomic theory which are not accepted scientifically are:
- All atoms of the same elements are identical.
The theory states that the atoms of the same element are identical in every aspect but it is now scientifically proved that the same element should differ in their mass which is known as isotopes.
A bimolecular reaction is always a second-order reaction, but a second-order reaction is not always a bimolecular reaction.
The most important thing to take note of is that molecularity of a reaction is a concept applicable to only elementary reactions, meaning non-complex. In a way, elementary reactions are basic and achieved in one step. Complex reactions involve intermediate steps before achieving the desired reaction.
Molecularity is equal to the sum of the coefficients of the reactants, so two reactants give a second-order bimolecular reaction. However, second-order reactions can involve more than two reactants especially in complex reactions.
Answer:
The volume is 310 L
Explanation:
We use the ideal gas formula, with the constant R = 0.082 l atm / K mol. The STP conditions are 1 atm pressure and 273 K temperature. Solve for the formula, V (volume):
PV= nRT ---> V= (nRT)/P
V=( 14 mol x 0,082 l atm /K mol x 273 K)/ 1 atm
<em>V= 313,404 L</em>
