Gravity is directly proportional to the product of the two. Masses and inversely proportional to the square distance between the two masses.
The force of an object is tangential to a circle.... Hope it helps
B- V and R are directly proportional to eachother
If the probes are identical, then the one that feels a larger gravitational
force is orbiting closer to Jupiter than the other one is.
If they're not identical, then the one with greater mass will feel more
gravitational force than the one with less mass, even if they're both
the same distance from Jupiter. (We know this from the experimental
observation that fatter people weigh more, even on Earth.)

what Includes the speed of an object and the direction of its motion
Answer:
Hi, There!
Im 100% Sure your Answer is Velocity! Velocity is a measure of how fast something moves in a particular direction. To define it needs both magnitude and direction.
Hope this helps!!
