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Dvinal [7]
3 years ago
14

Describe what happens, at a microscopic level, when an object is charged by rubbing. For instance, what happens when a plastic p

ipe is rubbed with a cloth? Describe the specific case where the rod becomes negatively charged
Physics
1 answer:
olga_2 [115]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Explanation:

The static charges are generated due to excess or deficiency of electrons, because these are the smallest quanta of charge available at the molecular level which can get transferred with minimal energy requirement.

These charges are usually generated by friction between  the two surfaces leading to the transfer of electron from one to another.

When a plastic pipe is rubbed with a cloth then due to friction the surface of the cloth loses electron which gets stuck at the surface of the pipe making it negatively charged.

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Answer:

  • 0.09 % of the original radioactive nucllde its left after 10 half-lives
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Explanation:

The equation for radioactive decay its:

N ( t) \ = \ N_0 \ e^{ \ -  \frac{t}{\tau}},

where N(t) its quantity of material at time t, N_0 its the initial quantity of material and \tau its the mean lifetime of the radioactive element.

The half-life t_{\frac{1}{2}} its the time at which the quantity of material its the half of the initial value, so, we can find:

N (t_{\frac{1}{2} }) \ = \ N_0 \ e^{ \ -  \frac{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}{\tau}} \ = \frac{N_0}{2}

so:

\ N_0 \ e^{ \ -  \frac{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}{\tau}} \ = \frac{N_0}{2}

e^{ \ -  \frac{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}{\tau}} \ = \frac{1}{2}

-  \frac{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}{\tau}} \ = - \ ln( 2 )

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So, after 10 half-lives, we got:

N ( 10 \  t_{\frac{1}{2}}) \ = \ N_0 \ e^{ \ -  \frac{10 \  t_{\frac{1}{2}}}{\tau}}

N ( 10 \  t_{\frac{1}{2}}) \ = \ N_0 \ e^{ \ -  \frac{10 \  \tau \ ln( 2 ) }{\tau}}

N ( 10 \  t_{\frac{1}{2}}) \ = \ N_0 \ e^{ \ -  10 \  \ ln( 2 ) }

N ( 10 \  t_{\frac{1}{2}}) \ = \ N_0 \ * \ 9.76 * 10^{-4}

So, we got that a 0.09 % of the original radioactive nucllde its left.

Putonioum-239 has a half-life of 24,110 years. So, 10 half-life will take to pass

10 \ * \ 24,110 \ years \ = \ 241,100 \ years

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