Answer:
The thinking distance depends on the reaction time of the driver which could can affected by alcohol, distractions and tiredness. A faster speed increases both thinking distance, increasing the total stopping distance.
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The force of gravity between the astronauts is 
Explanation:
The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is given by:
where
:
is the gravitational constant
are the masses of the two objects
r is the separation between them
In this problem, we have two astronauts, whose masses are:

While the separation between the astronauts is
r = 2 m
Substituting into the equation, we can find the gravitational force between the two astronauts:

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Answer:
The momentum would be doubled
Explanation:
The magnitude of the momentum of the freight train is given by:

where
m is the mass of the train
v is its speed
In this problem, we have that the speed of the train is unchanged, while the mass of the train is doubled:

therefore, the new momentum is

so, the momentum has also doubled.
Answer:
From question (a) and (b) the pendulum motion is perpendicular to the force so the normal force will do no work and the tension in the string of the pendulum will not work

And
so

c
An example will be a where a stone is attached to the end of a string and is made to move in a circular motion while keeping the other end of the string in a fixed position
d
A dog walking along a surface which has friction, here the frictional force would acting in the direction of the motion and this would do positive work
Explanation: