The centripetal acceleration of an object is given by the relation,
where Ac = centripetal acceleration = 
R = radius of rotation = 15 m
V = speed of astronaut
Hence, 
solving this we get, V = 38.34 m/s
Yes, it is because gravity is a force of attraction to the center of our planet, Earth. If we drop a pencil, the pencil will go on the floor. Gravity is pulling the pencil down.
Ok, assuming "mj" in the question is Megajoules MJ) you need a total amount of rotational kinetic energy in the fly wheel at the beginning of the trip that equals
(2.4e6 J/km)x(300 km)=7.2e8 J
The expression for rotational kinetic energy is
E = (1/2)Iω²
where I is the moment of inertia of the fly wheel and ω is the angular velocity.
So this comes down to finding the value of I that gives the required energy. We know the mass is 101kg. The formula for a solid cylinder's moment of inertia is
I = (1/2)mR²
We want (1/2)Iω² = 7.2e8 J and we know ω is limited to 470 revs/sec. However, ω must be in radians per second so multiply it by 2π to get
ω = 2953.1 rad/s
Now let's use this to solve the energy equation, E = (1/2)Iω², for I:
I = 2(7.2e8 J)/(2953.1 rad/s)² = 165.12 kg·m²
Now find the radius R,
165.12 kg·m² = (1/2)(101)R²,
√(2·165/101) = 1.807m
R = 1.807m
