The planet Earth itself is considered to be a closed system because there is a limit to the amount of matter that is exchanged. However, there are open systems that are ON Earth.
Answer:
e. adiabatic process
Explanation:
Adiabatic process -
In the thermodynamic system , an adiabatic process is the one which involves no transfer of mass or heat of the substance , is referred to adiabatic process.
In this process , the temperature need not be constant ,
But only the heat is transferred into or out of the system .
Hence, from the given information of the question,.
The correct option is e. adiabatic process .
Answer: The rate constant for the reaction is 
Explanation:
Expression for rate law for first order kinetics is given by:

where,
k = rate constant
t = age of sample = 559 min
a = let initial amount of the reactant = 
a - x = amount left after decay process = 



The rate constant for the reaction is 