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3 years ago

How are chemical bonds important in metabolism?

1 answer:

8 0

Chemical bonds are broken to supply us with energy. Without bonds, and our ability to break them, the food we eat would not supply us with energy.

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If you are involved in a vehicle accident, you should not drink any alcohol up to ___ hours after the accident or you could be l

Luda [366]

Answer: 6

Explanation:

Alcohol is a psychoactive drug with a high number of side effects that can seriously affect our body. The amount and circumstances of consumption play an important role in determining the duration of intoxication. For example, consuming alcohol after a large meal is less likely to produce visible signs of intoxication than on an empty stomach.

Alcohol has a two-phase effect on the body, meaning that its effects change over time. Initially, it produces feelings of relaxation and joy, but later consumption can lead to blurred vision and coordination problems. Cell membranes are highly permeable to alcohol, so once alcohol is in the bloodstream, it can spread to almost all body tissues.

Unconsciousness can follow excessive consumption, and extreme levels of consumption can lead to alcohol poisoning and death. Death can also be caused by asphyxiation, if vomit - a frequent result of excessive drinking - blocks the windpipe and the individual is too drunk to respond. An appropriate first-aid response to an unconscious, drunk person is to place him or her in the recovery position.

When alcohol enters the bloodstream (30-90 minutes after ingestion), there is a decrease in the sugars present in the bloodstream, causing a feeling of weakness and physical exhaustion. This is because alcohol accelerates the transformation of glycogen (a substance that stores sugar in the liver) into glucose, which is then eliminated more quickly.

After the ingestion of alcohol, a series of effects or symptoms occur in the short term, depending on the dose ingested (although other individual factors are affected).

Euphoria and excitement phase

Intoxication: The nervous system is affected as the loss of the capacity to coordinate movements is caused, producing imbalance and sometimes falls. If abused, locomotor ataxia can occur, which is a paralysis characteristic of alcoholics.

Hypnotic or confused phase: Irritability, agitation, drowsiness, headache, ysarthria, ataxia, dysmetry, nausea and vomiting.
Anaesthetic phase or stupor and coma, inconsistent language.

Bulbar or death phase: Cardiovascular shock, inhibition of the respiratory center, cardio-respiratory arrest and death.

Alcohol is broken down mainly in the liver, which can metabolize about 1 drink per hour for men. Factors such as age, weight, gender, and the amount of food eaten can affect how quickly the body can process alcohol. The amount of time alcohol can be detected in blood is up to 6 hours. Then it is not recommended to drink alcohol until after 6 hours if you have been involved in an accident, since alcohol can be detected in the blood in that time range. Because of the effects alcohol has on the body and how it can affect driving, if alcohol is detected you can be legally charged with driving under its influence.

6 0

3 years ago

A solution is made by mixing equal masses of methanol, CH4O, and ethanol, C2H6O. Determine the mole fraction of each component t

Serggg [28]

Answer: mole fraction of methanol = 0.590

mole fraction of ethanol = 0.410

Explanation:

We are given:

Equal masses of methanol $CH_4O$ and ethanol $C_2H_6O$ are mixed.

let the mass be x g.

Calculating the moles of methanol in the solution, by using the equation:

$\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}=\frac{xg}{32.04g/mol}$

Calculating the moles of ethanol in the solution, by using the equation:

$\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}=\frac{xg}{46.07g/mol}$

To calculate the mole fraction of methanol, we use the equation:

$\chi_{methanol}=\frac{n_{methanol}}{n_{methaol}+n_{ethanol}}$

$\chi_{methanol}=\frac{\frac{xg}{32.04g/mol}}{\frac{xg}{32.04g/mol}+\frac{xg}{46.07g/mol}}=0.590$

To calculate the mole fraction of ethanol, we use the equation:

$\chi_{ethanol}=\frac{n_{ethanol}}{n_{methaol}+n_{ethanol}}$

$\chi_{ethanol}=\frac{\frac{xg}{46.07g/mol}}{\frac{xg}{32.04g/mol}+\frac{xg}{46.07g/mol}}=0.410$

Thus mole fraction of methanol is 0.590 and mole fraction of ethanol 0.410 in three significant figures.

5 0

2 years ago

If 500.0 mL of 0.10 M Ca2+ is mixed with 500.0 mL of 0.10 M SO42−, what mass of calcium sulfate will precipitate? Ksp for CaSO4

statuscvo [17]

Answer:

The mass of calcium sulfate that will precipitate is 6.14 grams

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

500.0 mL of 0.10 M Ca^2+ is mixed with 500.0 mL of 0.10 M SO4^2−

Ksp for CaSO4 is 2.40*10^−5

Step 2: Calculate moles of Ca^2+

Moles of Ca^2+ = Molarity Ca^2+ * volume

Moles of Ca^2+ = 0.10 * 0.500 L

Moles Ca^2+ = 0.05 moles

Step 3: Calculate moles of SO4^2-

Moles of SO4^2- = 0.10 * 0.500 L

Moles SO4^2- = 0.05 moles

Step 4: Calculate total volume

500.0 mL + 500.0 mL = 1000 mL = 1L

Step 5: Calculate Q

Q = [Ca2+] [SO42-]

[Ca2+]= 0.050 M [O42-]

Qsp = (0.050)(0.050 )=0.0025 >> Ksp

This means precipitation will occur

Step 6: Calculate molar solubility

Ksp = 2.40 * 10^-5 = [Ca2+][SO42-] =(x)(x)

2.40 * 10^-5 = x²

x = √(2.40 * 10^-5)

x = 0.0049 M = Molar solubility

Step 7: Calculate total CaSO4 dissolved

total CaSO4 dissolved = 0.0049 M * 1 L * 136.14 mol/L = 0.667 g

Step 8: Calculate initial mass of CaSO4

Since initial moles CaSo4 = 0.050

Initial mass of CaSO4 = 0.050 * 136.14 g/mol

Initial mass of CaSO4 = 6.807 grams

Step 9: Calculate mass precipitate

6.807 - 0.667 = 6.14 grams

The mass of calcium sulfate that will precipitate is 6.14 grams

5 0

3 years ago

Over the years, the thermite reaction has been used for welding railroad rails, in incendiary bombs, and to ignite solid-fuel ro

melamori03 [73]

Answer: The mass of nickel (II) oxide and aluminium that must be used is 18.8 g and 4.54 g respectively.

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

$\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}$ .....(1)

For nickel:

Given mass of nickel = 14.8 g

Molar mass of nickel = 58.7 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$\text{Moles of nickel}=\frac{14.8g}{58.7g/mol}=0.252mol$

For the given chemical reaction:

$3NiO(s)+2Al(s)\rightarrow 3Ni(l)+Al_2O_3(s)$

For nickel (II) oxide:

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

3 moles of nickel are produced from 3 moles of nickel (II) oxide

So, 0.252 moles of nickel will be produced from $\frac{3}{3}\times 0.252=0.252mol$ of nickel (II) oxide

Now, calculating the mass of nickel (II) oxide by using equation 1:

Molar mass of nickel (II) oxide = 74.7 g/mol

Moles of nickel (II) oxide = 0.252 moles

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$0.252mol=\frac{\text{Mass of nickel (II) oxide}}{74.7g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of nickel (II) oxide}=(0.252mol\times 74.7g/mol)=18.8g$

For aluminium:

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

3 moles of nickel are produced from 2 moles of aluminium

So, 0.252 moles of nickel will be produced from $\frac{2}{3}\times 0.252=0.168mol$ of aluminium

Now, calculating the mass of aluminium by using equation 1:

Molar mass of aluminium = 27 g/mol

Moles of aluminium = 0.168 moles

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$0.168mol=\frac{\text{Mass of aluminium}}{27g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of aluminium}=(0.168mol\times 27g/mol)=4.54g$

Hence, the mass of nickel (II) oxide and aluminium that must be used is 18.8 g and 4.54 g respectively.

4 0

3 years ago

ICMP scanning involves in checking for the live systems, which can be done by sending the following ping scan request to a host.

abruzzese [7]

Answer:

ICMP Echo Request

Explanation:

ICMP Echo Request is a form of probe or message sent by a user to a destination system.

5 0

3 years ago